Background/Objectives: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy has shown promise in reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CIK cell therapy in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 49 patients who received CIK cell therapy after curative resection or radiofrequency ablation, compared with 49 matched control patients via 1:1 propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: The median follow-up durations were 19.1 months for the immune cell group and 67.7 months for the control group. In univariable analysis, the immune cell group demonstrated a prolonged RFS than the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15–0.71; log-rankp= 0.001). The median RFS was not reached in the immune cell group but was 48.62 months in the control group. A multivariable Cox regression model identified CIK cell therapy as a significant factor associated with a reduced risk of HCC recurrence (adjusted HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15–0.71;p= 0.005). The median OS was not reached in either group; no significant differences in OS were observed between the immune cell and control groups (log-rankp= 0.082). The overall incidence of adverse events was low, and no Grade 3 or 4 events were reported. Conclusions: Adjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy after curative treatment significantly prolongs RFS in early-stage HCC patients. Further research regarding the broader applications of CIK cell immunotherapy in HCC is warranted.
背景/目的：细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）免疫疗法在降低肝细胞癌复发率和改善生存结局方面显示出潜力。本研究旨在真实临床环境中评估CIK细胞疗法的疗效与安全性。方法：通过1:1倾向评分匹配，对49例根治性切除或射频消融后接受CIK细胞治疗的患者与49例匹配对照患者进行回顾性分析。主要终点为无复发生存期，次要终点为总生存期。结果：免疫细胞组中位随访时间为19.1个月，对照组为67.7个月。单变量分析显示，免疫细胞组无复发生存期显著长于对照组（风险比0.32；95%置信区间0.15–0.71；时序检验p=0.001）。免疫细胞组中位无复发生存期未达到，对照组为48.62个月。多变量Cox回归模型证实CIK细胞治疗是降低肝细胞癌复发风险的独立影响因素（校正后风险比0.32；95%置信区间0.15–0.71；p=0.005）。两组中位总生存期均未达到，组间总生存期无显著差异（时序检验p=0.082）。不良事件总体发生率较低，未报告3级或4级事件。结论：根治性治疗后辅助性CIK细胞免疫疗法能显著延长早期肝细胞癌患者的无复发生存期。CIK细胞免疫疗法在肝细胞癌中的更广泛应用值得进一步研究。
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