Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare primary liver cancer with poor prognosis, due to the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and limited therapeutic options, with poor response. Chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment, but the advent of immunotherapy has recently induced promising results. Given the fact that diagnosis frequency is increasing nowadays and the survival rate remains very low, it is crucial to recognize patients who are suitable for immunotherapy and will have the best response. Different types of biomarkers, such as interleukins, exosomes, mi-RNA, ctDNA, and gene mutations, have been studied for their feasibility, not only for the early diagnosis of biliary tract cancer but also for the determination of responsiveness in treatment. Less frequently, these studies focus on finding and observing biomarkers in patients who receive immunotherapy. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of existing/promising biomarkers in patients with unresectable or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, treated with immunotherapy as monotherapy, or combined with chemotherapy.
胆管癌是一种罕见的原发性肝癌，预后较差，其原因在于诊断时多已进展至晚期，且治疗选择有限，疗效欠佳。化疗仍是标准一线治疗方案，但近年来免疫疗法的出现带来了令人鼓舞的结果。鉴于目前胆管癌诊断率不断上升而生存率仍处于较低水平，识别适合免疫治疗并能获得最佳疗效的患者至关重要。已有研究探讨了白细胞介素、外泌体、微小RNA、循环肿瘤DNA及基因突变等多种生物标志物的应用潜力，这些标志物不仅可用于胆道癌的早期诊断，还能评估治疗反应性。然而，针对接受免疫治疗患者的生物标志物探索与监测研究仍相对有限。本综述旨在总结当前关于不可切除或转移性胆管癌患者接受免疫单药治疗或免疫联合化疗治疗中，现有及潜在生物标志物的研究进展。
Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Immunotherapy in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家