Borderline Ovarian Tumours (BOTs) are a heterogenous group of ovarian neoplasms which have increased mitotic activity but lack stromal invasion. We performed a narrative review of the literature, aiming to identify prognostic molecular biomarkers that can potentially be used for treatment personalisation. We identified and discussed BRAF/KRAS, Cancer Antigen 125 (Ca 125), Calprotectin, p16ink4a, and Microsatellite instability (MSI) as the most studied biomarkers related to BOTs. Overall, BRAF and KRAS mutations are associated with earlier-stage and favourable prognosis; KRASmt may indicate extraovarian disease in serous BOT (sBOT). Ca125, the only currently clinically used biomarker, can be assessed pre-operatively and has an established role in post-operative surveillance, especially when it is raised pre-operatively or a high potential for malignant transformation is suspected post-operatively. p16ink4a expression trends could also indicate the malignant transformation of the tumour. Calprotectin has an inferior specificity to Ca125 and is not yet established as a biomarker, whilst there is very limited evidence available for MSI. As new evidence is coming along with artificial intelligence platforms, these biomarkers can be integrated and used towards the development of a precision model for treatment stratification and counselling in women diagnosed with BOTs.
交界性卵巢肿瘤（BOTs）是一组具有异质性的卵巢肿瘤，其特点为细胞有丝分裂活性增强但缺乏间质浸润。本文通过叙述性文献综述，旨在筛选可用于个体化治疗的潜在预后分子生物标志物。我们确定并讨论了与BOTs相关研究最为集中的生物标志物：BRAF/KRAS基因突变、癌症抗原125（Ca125）、钙卫蛋白、p16ink4a蛋白及微卫星不稳定性（MSI）。总体而言，BRAF和KRAS基因突变与早期分期及良好预后相关；在浆液性BOT（sBOT）中，KRAS基因突变可能提示存在卵巢外病变。Ca125是目前唯一临床应用的生物标志物，可在术前进行评估，并在术后监测中具有明确作用，尤其适用于术前指标升高或术后怀疑存在高度恶变风险的情况。p16ink4a的表达趋势也可提示肿瘤的恶性转化。钙卫蛋白的特异性低于Ca125，尚未确立为生物标志物，而MSI的相关证据极为有限。随着人工智能平台带来的新证据，这些生物标志物可被整合应用于开发精准模型，为BOTs确诊女性提供治疗分层和咨询指导。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家