Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor. While rarely fatal, it can cause local tissue damage. Part I of the review summarizes the dermoscopic features of BCC and the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of BCC. Methods: A search of the PubMed database was performed for studies reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy or dermoscopic findings in BCC, either pigmented or non-pigmented, located anywhere on the body, of any histopathologic subtype, size and at any age of onset. Results: BCC was found to present with a wide range of dermoscopic features, including white structures (shiny white lines, shiny white areas, rosettes), yellow structures (milia-like cysts, yellow lobular-like structures), multiple aggregated yellow-white globules (MAY globules), blue structures (blue ovoid nests), vascular structures (arborizing vessels, short fine telangiectasias), multiple small erosions/ulcerations, features of regression (pepper-like structures, white scar-like areas) and pigmented structures (spoke-wheel areas, maple leaf-like areas (MLLAs), blue/gray dots). Dermoscopy showed a sensitivity of 67.6–98.6% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85.9–97% in identifying BCC. The physician’s experience and training improve the accuracy, however, BCCs on the trunk and extremities, particularly of superficial subtypes, may still constitute a challenge. Conclusions: Dermoscopy, especially when performed by a trained physician, increases the accuracy of early BCC detection.
引言：基底细胞癌（BCC）是最常见的皮肤恶性肿瘤。虽然其致死率较低，但可导致局部组织损伤。本综述第一部分总结了基底细胞癌的皮肤镜特征及皮肤镜诊断基底细胞癌的准确性。方法：在PubMed数据库中检索了关于皮肤镜诊断基底细胞癌准确性或基底细胞癌皮肤镜表现的研究，包括色素性或非色素性、位于身体任何部位、任何组织病理学亚型、任何大小及任何发病年龄的基底细胞癌。结果：基底细胞癌表现出广泛的皮肤镜特征，包括白色结构（闪亮白线、闪亮白区、玫瑰花结）、黄色结构（粟粒样囊肿、黄色小叶样结构）、多发性聚集性黄白色球体（MAY球体）、蓝色结构（蓝色卵圆形巢）、血管结构（树枝状血管、短细毛细血管扩张）、多发性小糜烂/溃疡、退行性特征（胡椒样结构、白色瘢痕样区域）及色素性结构（轮辐状区域、枫叶样区域、蓝/灰色点）。皮肤镜诊断基底细胞癌的敏感性为67.6%至98.6%，阳性预测值（PPV）为85.9%至97%。医生的经验和培训可提高诊断准确性，但躯干和四肢的基底细胞癌，尤其是浅表亚型，仍可能构成诊断挑战。结论：皮肤镜检查，尤其由经过培训的医生操作时，可提高早期基底细胞癌的检出准确性。
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