Background: In cancer, age and sex are often studied individually, but the impact of the intersection of these factors on cancer incidence and survival remains unclear. Using population-level data, we provide an up-to-date analysis of the impact of sex and age on cancer incidence and survival. Methods: Using data from the United States Cancer Statistics public use research database and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries Survival database, we assessed sex and age differences in the incidence and survival of malignant cancers diagnosed from 2001 to 2020. Results: Males experienced higher cancer incidence than females in all sites and age groups, excluding 20–29- and 30–39-year-olds. The highest Male-to-female (M:F) age-adjusted incidence rates (IRR) were observed in mesothelioma within ages 80+ (IRR: 5.48; 95% CI: 5.25–5.71;p< 0.001), and lowest in endocrine cancer within ages 20–29 years (M:F IRR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.20–0.21;p< 0.001). Among all sites and age groups, excluding 0–9 years, males experienced worse survival than females, particularly within ages 20–29 years (Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.19; 95% CI: 2.15–2.23;p< 0.001). Highest M:F HRs were observed in endocrine system cancers within ages 20–29 (HR: 3.52; 95% CI: 3.15–3.94;p< 0.001), and lowest among lymphomas within ages 0–9 (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63–0.87;p< 0.001). Conclusions: Significant age and sex differences in cancer incidence and survival were observed across the US from 2001 to 2020. Males had a higher cancer incidence compared to females, with notable exceptions for younger age groups among certain types, suggesting age may be a critical component in further understanding the biology of sex differences in cancer.
背景：在癌症研究中，年龄和性别常被单独探讨，但这两个因素的交集对癌症发病率和生存率的影响尚不明确。本研究基于人群水平数据，对性别和年龄在癌症发病率及生存率方面的影响进行了最新分析。方法：利用美国癌症统计公共研究数据库及疾病控制与预防中心国家癌症登记生存数据库的数据，我们评估了2001年至2020年间确诊的恶性肿瘤在发病率和生存率上的性别与年龄差异。结果：除20-29岁和30-39岁年龄组外，男性在所有部位及年龄组的癌症发病率均高于女性。年龄调整后男女发病率比（M:F IRR）最高值出现在80岁以上人群的间皮瘤（IRR: 5.48；95% CI: 5.25–5.71；p<0.001），最低值出现在20-29岁人群的内分泌系统癌症（M:F IRR: 0.20；95% CI: 0.20–0.21；p<0.001）。在所有部位及年龄组中（0-9岁除外），男性的生存状况均差于女性，尤其在20-29岁年龄组最为显著（风险比[HR]: 2.19；95% CI: 2.15–2.23；p<0.001）。男女风险比最高值出现在20-29岁人群的内分泌系统癌症（HR: 3.52；95% CI: 3.15–3.94；p<0.001），最低值出现在0-9岁人群的淋巴瘤（HR: 0.74；95% CI: 0.63–0.87；p<0.001）。结论：2001年至2020年间，美国癌症发病率与生存率存在显著的年龄和性别差异。除特定类型癌症在年轻群体中的例外情况，男性总体癌症发病率高于女性，这表明年龄可能是进一步理解癌症性别差异生物学机制的关键因素。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家