Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. Infant ALL (<1 year) is rare, but it captures a lot of interest due to its poor prognosis, especially in patients harbouringKMT2Arearrangements, which have been demonstrated to arise prenatally. However, epidemiological studies aimed at identifying specific risk factors in such cases are scarce, mainly due to sample-size limitations. We conducted a scoping review to elucidate the prenatal or perinatal factors associated with infant ALL. Methods: Original articles, letters, or conference abstracts published up to June 2022 were identified using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and 33 observational studies were selected. Results: The study reveals several well-established associations across the literature, such as maternal exposure to pesticides and high birth weight, and outlines suggestive associations, such as parental heavy smoking, parental use of several medications (e.g., dipyrone), and maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. Conclusions: This scoping review summarizes the few observational studies that have analysed the prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ALL in infants diagnosed before the age of 1 year. The results of this review highlight the lack of research into this specific age group, which merits further research.
目的：急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是儿童期最常见的恶性肿瘤。婴儿ALL（<1岁）较为罕见，但由于其预后不良而备受关注，尤其对于携带KMT2A基因重排的病例，这类重排已被证实起源于胎儿期。然而，针对此类病例特定危险因素的流行病学研究较为匮乏，主要受限于样本量不足。本研究通过范围综述，旨在阐明与婴儿ALL相关的产前或围产期因素。方法：通过检索PubMed、Web of Science和Embase数据库，筛选截至2022年6月发表的原创性论文、通讯及会议摘要，最终纳入33项观察性研究。结果：研究发现文献中已确立多项明确关联因素，如母亲农药暴露和高出生体重，同时提示了若干潜在关联因素，包括父母重度吸烟、父母使用某些药物（如安乃近）以及孕期母亲暴露于空气污染。结论：本范围综述总结了目前针对1岁前确诊婴儿ALL的产前及围产期危险因素的少量观察性研究。综述结果凸显了针对该特定年龄组研究的不足，值得进一步深入探索。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家