Background/Objectives: Intraneural tumors (INTs) pose a diagnostic challenge, owing to their varied origins within nerve fascicles and their wide spectrum, which includes both benign and malignant forms. Accurate diagnosis and management of these tumors depends upon the skills of the radiologist in identifying key imaging features and correlating them with the patient’s clinical symptoms and examination findings. Methods: This comprehensive review systematically analyzes the various imaging features in the diagnosis of intraneural tumors, ranging from basic MR to advanced MR imaging techniques such as MR neurography (MRN), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Results: The article emphasizes the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions using characteristic MRI features, such as the “target sign” and “split-fat sign” for tumor characterization. The role of advanced multiparametric MRI in improving biopsy planning, guiding surgical mapping, and enhancing post-treatment monitoring is also highlighted. The review also underlines the importance of common diagnostic pitfalls and highlights the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to achieve an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment strategy, and post-therapy surveillance planning. Conclusions: In this review, we illustrate the main imaging findings of intraneural tumors, focusing on specific MR imaging features that are crucial for an accurate diagnosis and the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions.
背景/目的：神经内肿瘤因其起源于神经束内的多样性及涵盖良恶性的广泛谱系，给临床诊断带来挑战。这些肿瘤的精准诊断与治疗管理，高度依赖于放射科医师识别关键影像学特征，并将其与患者临床症状及检查结果进行关联分析的能力。方法：本综述系统分析了神经内肿瘤诊断中的各类影像学特征，涵盖从基础磁共振成像到先进磁共振技术，如磁共振神经成像、弥散张量成像及动态对比增强磁共振成像。结果：本文重点阐述了如何通过特征性磁共振成像表现（如用于肿瘤定性的"靶征"和"脂肪分裂征"）鉴别良恶性病变，同时强调了先进多参数磁共振成像在优化活检规划、指导手术定位及加强治疗后监测中的作用。本综述亦指出常见诊断误区的重要性，并强调需采用多学科协作模式以实现精准诊断、制定合理治疗策略及规划治疗后监测方案。结论：本综述通过阐释神经内肿瘤的主要影像学表现，重点探讨了对精准诊断及良恶性鉴别至关重要的特异性磁共振成像特征。
Imaging of Peripheral Intraneural Tumors: A Comprehensive Review for Radiologists
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家