Prostate cancer is one of the most common diseases among men worldwide and continues to pose a serious threat to health. This review shows the history and the new developments in the management of prostate cancer, with an emphasis on a range of therapeutic approaches, such as hormone therapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and innovative targeted therapeutics. The evolution of these treatments is examined in light of clinical outcomes, patient quality of life, and emerging resistance mechanisms, such as the recently shown vitamin D-based strategies. New developments that have the potential to increase survival rates and reduce side effects are also discussed, including PARP inhibitors (PARPis), immunotherapy, and tailored medication. Additionally, the use of biomarkers and sophisticated imaging methods in therapeutic decision-making is explored, with a focus on how these tools might improve patient care. The absolute necessity for a multidisciplinary approach for improving treatment strategies is becoming more and more apparent as our understanding of the biology of prostate cancer deepens. This approach ensures that patients receive customized medicines that fit their unique profiles. Future avenues of investigation will focus on resolving issues dealing with treatment efficacy and resistance to improve treatment results, ultimately leading to disease cure for prostate cancer patients.
前列腺癌是全球男性最常见的疾病之一，持续对健康构成严重威胁。本综述展示了前列腺癌治疗的历史与最新进展，重点探讨了激素治疗、放射治疗、手术及创新靶向治疗等多种治疗方法。这些治疗方式的演变通过临床疗效、患者生活质量及新兴耐药机制（如近期提出的维生素D相关策略）等方面进行评估。文中还讨论了可能提高生存率并减少副作用的新进展，包括PARP抑制剂、免疫疗法及个体化药物治疗。此外，研究探讨了生物标志物和先进影像学技术在治疗决策中的应用，重点关注这些工具如何提升患者护理水平。随着对前列腺癌生物学特性的理解不断深入，采用多学科方法优化治疗策略的必要性日益凸显。这种方法能确保患者获得适合其个体特征的定制化治疗方案。未来的研究方向将集中于解决治疗有效性和耐药性问题，以改善治疗效果，最终实现前列腺癌患者的疾病治愈。
Prostate Cancer: A Journey Through Its History and Recent Developments
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家