Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, presents a formidable challenge due to its rapid progression, treatment resistance, and poor survival outcomes. Standard care typically involves maximal safe surgical resection, followed by fractionated external beam radiation therapy and concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite these interventions, median survival remains approximately 12–15 months, with a five-year survival rate below 10%. Prognosis is influenced by factors such as patient age, molecular characteristics, and the extent of resection. Patients with IDH-mutant tumors or methylated MGMT promoters generally have improved survival, while recurrent glioblastoma is associated with a median survival of only six months, as therapies in these cases are often palliative. Innovative treatments, including TTFields, add incremental survival benefits, extending median survival to around 20.9 months for eligible patients. Symptom management—addressing seizures, headaches, and neurological deficits—alongside psychological support for patients and caregivers is essential to enhance quality of life. Emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies, though still limited in efficacy, show promise as part of an evolving treatment landscape. Continued research and clinical trials remain crucial to developing more effective treatments. This multidisciplinary approach, incorporating diagnostics, personalized therapy, and supportive care, aims to improve outcomes and provides a hopeful foundation for advancing glioblastoma management.
胶质母细胞瘤是成人中最常见且最具侵袭性的原发性脑肿瘤，因其进展迅速、治疗抵抗性强及生存预后差而构成严峻挑战。标准治疗方案通常包括最大范围安全手术切除，随后进行分次外照射放疗并同步使用替莫唑胺化疗。尽管采取这些干预措施，患者中位生存期仍仅为12-15个月，五年生存率低于10%。预后受患者年龄、分子特征及切除范围等因素影响：IDH突变型肿瘤或MGMT启动子甲基化的患者通常生存期较长，而复发性胶质母细胞瘤中位生存期仅约六个月，此类病例的治疗多属姑息性。创新疗法如肿瘤治疗电场（TTFields）可适度延长生存期，使符合适应症的患者中位生存期延长至约20.9个月。在症状管理方面，控制癫痫发作、头痛及神经功能缺损等症状，同时为患者及照护者提供心理支持，对提升生活质量至关重要。新兴靶向治疗与免疫疗法虽疗效仍有限，但作为不断发展的治疗体系组成部分展现出良好前景。持续开展研究与临床试验对开发更有效治疗方案至关重要。这种融合精准诊断、个体化治疗与支持性照护的多学科诊疗模式，旨在改善患者预后，并为推进胶质母细胞瘤治疗奠定充满希望的基础。
Glioblastoma: Clinical Presentation, Multidisciplinary Management, and Long-Term Outcomes
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家