Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have diverse functions in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in development, tissue maintenance, wound repair, and angiogenesis. The goal of this review paper is to (i) deliberate on the role of FGFs and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in different cancers, (ii) present advances in FGF-targeted cancer therapies, and (iii) explore cell signaling mechanisms that explain how FGF expression becomes dysregulated during cancer development. FGF is often mutated and overexpressed in cancer and the different FGF and FGFR isoforms have unique expression patterns and distinct roles in different cancers. Among the FGF members, the FGF 15/19 subfamily is particularly interesting because of its unique protein structure and role in endocrine function. The abnormal expression of FGFs in different cancer types (breast, colorectal, hepatobiliary, bronchogenic, and others) is examined and correlated with patient prognosis. The classification of FGF ligands based on their mode of action, whether autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, or intracrine, is illustrated, and an analysis of the binding specificity of FGFs to FGFRs is also provided. Moreover, the latest advances in cancer therapeutic strategies involving small molecules, ligand traps, and monoclonal antibody-based FGF inhibitors are presented. Lastly, we discuss how the dysregulation of FGF and FGFR expression affects FGF signaling and its role in cancer development.
成纤维细胞生长因子（FGFs）在发育、组织维持、伤口修复和血管生成过程中对细胞增殖与分化具有广泛的调控功能。本综述旨在：（1）探讨FGFs及其受体（FGFRs）在不同癌症中的作用；（2）介绍FGF靶向癌症治疗的最新进展；（3）解析癌症发展过程中FGF表达失调的细胞信号传导机制。FGF在癌症中常发生突变和过表达，不同亚型的FGF和FGFR在各类癌症中具有独特的表达模式与功能。在FGF家族成员中，FGF 15/19亚家族因其特殊的蛋白质结构和内分泌功能而备受关注。本文系统分析了不同癌症类型（乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肝胆癌、支气管源性癌等）中FGF的异常表达及其与患者预后的关联，阐释了基于作用模式（自分泌、旁分泌、内分泌或内在分泌）的FGF配体分类，并解析了FGF与FGFR结合的特异性。此外，综述还介绍了基于小分子药物、配体捕获技术和单克隆抗体的FGF抑制剂在癌症治疗策略中的最新进展。最后，我们探讨了FGF及FGFR表达失调如何影响FGF信号传导及其在癌症发展中的作用。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家