Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Endoscopic surveillance is a cornerstone in CRC prevention, enabling early detection and intervention. However, despite recent advancements, challenges persist. Chromoendoscopy (CE), considered the gold standard for dysplasia detection, remains underutilized due to logistical constraints, prolonged procedural times, and the need for specialized training. New technologies, such as endomicroscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), and molecular endoscopy (ME), promise unprecedented precision in lesion characterization but are limited to specialized centers. Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform the field; however, barriers to widespread AI adoption include the need for robust datasets, real-time video integration, and seamless incorporation into existing workflows. Beyond technology, patient adherence to surveillance protocols, including bowel preparation and repeat procedures, remains a critical hurdle. This review aims to explore the advancements, ongoing challenges, and future prospects in CRC prevention for IBD patients, focusing on improving outcomes and expanding the implementation of advanced surveillance technologies.
炎症性肠病（IBD）患者罹患结直肠癌（CRC）的风险显著升高。内镜监测是预防CRC的基石，有助于早期发现与干预。然而，尽管近年来技术不断进步，仍面临诸多挑战。作为异型增生检测的金标准，色素内镜（CE）因操作流程复杂、耗时较长且需要专业培训，其应用仍不充分。新兴技术如内镜显微成像、共聚焦激光显微内镜（CLE）及分子内镜（ME）虽能实现病灶性质判定的精准突破，但目前仅局限于专科中心。人工智能（AI）有望革新该领域，但其广泛应用的障碍包括需要高质量数据集、实时视频整合能力以及与现有工作流程的无缝衔接。除技术因素外，患者对监测方案的依从性——包括肠道准备和重复检查——仍是关键难题。本文旨在综述IBD患者CRC预防领域的最新进展、现存挑战与未来前景，重点关注如何改善临床结局并推动先进监测技术的普及应用。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家