Background: Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment are often associated with side effects such as fatigue, muscle loss, and diminished quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise, particularly resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT), has been suggested as a strategy to mitigate these effects. However, the comparative efficacy of RT, AT, and combined RT/AT on QoL, body composition, physical fitness, and laboratory markers in PC patients is still insufficiently understood.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating structured RT, AT, or combined RT/AT programs in PC patients undergoing various treatments were included. The primary outcome was QoL, assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-PR25 questionnaires. Secondary outcomes included body composition, fitness, and laboratory parameters. The studies were sourced from PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through May 2024. The effect sizes were pooled using random-effects models, and the risk of bias was systematically assessed following the GRADE approach.Results: A total of 30 RCTs, encompassing 2216 PC patients, were analyzed. Combined RT/AT significantly improved QoL subdomains, including global health, and cognitive and sexual function, while reducing fatigue and urinary symptoms. RT alone improved body composition by increasing lean body mass and reducing body fat percentage. Both RT and combined RT/AT enhanced strength (chest and leg press) and VO2peak. No significant changes were observed in laboratory markers, such as PSA or lipid levels. The effects of isolated AT remain unclear due to limited data.Conclusions: RT and combined RT/AT significantly improve QoL, fitness, and body composition in PC patients, with no detectable effect on PSA or lipid levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific effects of AT and to investigate long-term outcomes.
背景：前列腺癌（PC）及其治疗常伴随疲劳、肌肉流失和生活质量（QoL）下降等副作用。体育锻炼，特别是抗阻训练（RT）和有氧训练（AT），被认为是缓解这些影响的有效策略。然而，RT、AT以及RT/AT联合训练对PC患者生活质量、身体成分、体能和实验室指标的比较效果仍不明确。 方法：本研究纳入随机对照试验（RCTs），这些试验调查了接受不同治疗的PC患者参与结构化RT、AT或RT/AT联合训练计划的效果。主要结局指标为生活质量，采用EORTC QLQ-C30和EORTC QLQ-PR25问卷进行评估。次要结局指标包括身体成分、体能和实验室参数。研究文献检索自PubMed、Embase和CENTRAL数据库，截止至2024年5月。采用随机效应模型合并效应量，并遵循GRADE方法系统评估偏倚风险。 结果：共分析了30项RCTs，涉及2216名PC患者。RT/AT联合训练显著改善了生活质量的多项子领域，包括整体健康状况、认知功能和性功能，同时减轻了疲劳和泌尿系统症状。单独进行RT通过增加瘦体重和降低体脂百分比改善了身体成分。RT和RT/AT联合训练均增强了力量（卧推和腿举）和峰值摄氧量（VO2peak）。实验室指标，如前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）或血脂水平，未观察到显著变化。由于数据有限，单独AT的效果尚不明确。 结论：RT和RT/AT联合训练能显著改善PC患者的生活质量、体能和身体成分，但对PSA或血脂水平未检测到明显影响。未来需要进一步研究以阐明AT的具体效果并探讨长期结局。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家