Background/Objectives: Cardio-oncology has become essential in addressing cardiovascular complications from cancer therapies. While advancements in treatments have improved survival rates, they also increase cardiovascular risks. This study evaluates the cardiotoxic effects of cytostatic treatments, examining the relationship between tumor characteristics, such as histopathology and TNM classification, and cardiovascular complications, aiming to improve cardiotoxicity prevention and management in oncology patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of cancer patients treated with anthracyclines, HER2-targeted therapies, and radiotherapy. Cardiac function was monitored via echocardiography, focusing on global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides were measured to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity, with patients stratified by TNM cancer stage and histopathology. Results: Our analysis identified a significant association between certain cytostatic treatments, such as anthracyclines and HER2-targeted therapies, and a reduction in LVEF, particularly in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Biomarker assessments indicated early signs of cardiotoxicity in patients before clinical symptoms emerged. The findings also demonstrated a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with pre-existing risk factors. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of personalized treatment protocols in minimizing cardiotoxicity and improving the quality of life for oncology patients. Regular cardiac monitoring, combined with the use of biomarkers, can help identify high-risk patients early, allowing for timely interventions. Future research should focus on optimizing cardioprotective strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular risks associated with modern cancer therapies. Clinical Trial Registration: N/A (retrospective study).
背景/目的：心脏肿瘤学在应对癌症治疗相关心血管并发症方面日益重要。随着治疗手段的进步，患者生存率提高的同时，心血管风险也随之增加。本研究评估细胞抑制治疗的心脏毒性效应，探讨肿瘤组织病理学特征及TNM分期与心血管并发症之间的关联，旨在优化肿瘤患者心脏毒性的预防与管理策略。 方法：我们对接受蒽环类药物、HER2靶向治疗及放射治疗的癌症患者进行回顾性分析。通过超声心动图监测心脏功能，重点关注整体纵向应变和左心室射血分数（LVEF）。通过检测心肌肌钙蛋白和利钠肽评估亚临床心脏毒性，并根据TNM分期和组织病理学特征对患者进行分层分析。 结果：分析发现蒽环类药物和HER2靶向治疗等特定细胞抑制治疗与LVEF下降显著相关，在晚期癌症患者中尤为明显。生物标志物评估显示患者在临床症状出现前已出现心脏毒性早期征象。研究还发现既往存在心血管危险因素的患者发生心血管并发症的比例更高。 结论：本研究强调个体化治疗方案对降低心脏毒性、提高肿瘤患者生活质量的重要性。定期心脏监测结合生物标志物检测有助于早期识别高危患者，实现及时干预。未来研究应致力于优化心脏保护策略，以减轻现代癌症治疗相关的心血管风险。 临床试验注册：不适用（回顾性研究）。
Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer: Impact of Clinical Classifications and Treatment on Heart Health
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家