Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is becoming increasingly common due to increasing risk factors such as excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic predisposition, fair skin, and a history of sunburn. Melanoma accounts for only 1% of cases but causes most skin cancer deaths. Dysplastic nevi (DN) are important precursors of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of these risk factors on the incidence and stage of skin cancer. Methods: The study included 591 patients aged 18 to 64 who visited the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in 2022–2023 for skin examinations. Each patient completed a questionnaire regarding the risk factors for melanoma and atypical melanocytic nevi and then underwent a dermatoscopic examination of the whole body using a digital videodermatoscope. Results: Dermatoscopic examination revealed a lesion suggestive of melanoma in 1.69% of the patients. Risk factors for developing melanoma included male gender, family history of melanoma, number of skin moles, sunburn in childhood, sun-dependent hobby, using a tanning bed, using low sun protection factor (SPF) cream, not avoiding sun exposure, and co-occurrence of actinic keratosis. Conclusions: Risk factors for melanoma and dysplastic nevi are still common among patients, but the situation has been improving over the years. Early intervention and education on sun safety can play pivotal roles in reducing the incidence of atypical moles and potentially preventing malignant transformations.
背景/目的：由于过度紫外线照射、遗传易感性、白皙皮肤及晒伤史等风险因素日益增多，皮肤癌发病率持续上升。黑色素瘤虽仅占病例总数的1%，却是导致大多数皮肤癌死亡的原因。发育不良痣是黑色素瘤的重要癌前病变。本研究旨在探讨上述风险因素对皮肤癌发病率及分期的影响。方法：研究纳入2022-2023年间在皮肤性病科接受皮肤检查的591名18-64岁患者。每位患者完成黑色素瘤与非典型黑色素细胞痣风险因素调查问卷后，接受数字化视频皮肤镜全身皮肤镜检查。结果：皮肤镜检查显示1.69%的患者存在疑似黑色素瘤皮损。黑色素瘤风险因素包括：男性性别、黑色素瘤家族史、皮肤痣数量、童年晒伤史、日光依赖性爱好、使用日光浴床、使用低防晒系数（SPF）护肤品、未规避日晒以及光化性角化病共存。结论：黑色素瘤与发育不良痣的风险因素在患者中仍较普遍，但近年来情况持续改善。早期干预与防晒安全教育对降低非典型痣发病率、预防恶性转化具有关键作用。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家