Among solid tumors, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) emerges as one of the most difficult to eradicate. The silent and asymptomatic nature of this tumor, particularly in its early stages, as well as the high heterogeneity at genomic, epigenetic, and molecular levels delay the diagnosis, significantly compromising the efficacy of current therapeutic options and thus contributing to a dismal prognosis. Extensive research has been conducted on the molecular pathobiology of CCA, and recent advances have been made in the classification and characterization of new molecular targets. Both targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as effective and safe strategies for various types of cancers, demonstrating potential benefits in advanced CCA. Furthermore, the deeper comprehension of the cellular and molecular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has opened up possibilities for new innovative treatment methods. This review discusses recent evidence in the characterization and molecular biology of CCA, highlighting novel possible druggable targets.
在实体肿瘤中，胆管癌（CCA）是最难根除的肿瘤之一。该肿瘤具有隐匿且无症状的特性，尤其在早期阶段，加之其在基因组、表观遗传和分子水平上的高度异质性，导致诊断延迟，显著影响了当前治疗方案的疗效，从而导致预后不良。针对CCA的分子病理生物学已开展了广泛研究，并在新分子靶点的分类和特征描述方面取得了最新进展。靶向治疗和免疫治疗已成为多种癌症的有效且安全的策略，并在晚期CCA中显示出潜在益处。此外，对肿瘤微环境（TME）中细胞和分子成分的深入理解，为开发新型创新治疗方法开辟了可能性。本综述讨论了CCA特征描述和分子生物学方面的最新证据，重点介绍了可能的新型药物靶点。
New Relevant Evidence in Cholangiocarcinoma Biology and Characterization
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家