Gliomas are a wide group of common brain tumors, with the most aggressive type being glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5% and a median survival time of approximately 12–14 months. The standard treatment of GBM includes surgical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). However, tumor recurrence and progression are common. Therefore, more effective treatment for GBM should be found. One of the main obstacles to the treatment of GBM and other gliomas is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which impedes the penetration of antitumor chemotherapeutic agents into glioblastoma cells. Nowadays, one of the most promising novel methods for glioma treatment is Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS). Low-intensity FUS causes the BBB to open transiently, which allows better drug delivery to the brain tissue. Under magnetic resonance guidance, ultrasound waves can be precisely directed to the tumor area to prevent side effects in healthy tissues. Through the open BBB, we can deliver targeted chemotherapeutics, anti-tumor agents, immunotherapy, and gene therapy directly to gliomas. Other strategies for MRgFUS include radiosensitization, sonodynamic therapy, histotripsy, and thermal ablation. FUS can also be used to monitor the treatment and progression of gliomas using blood-based liquid biopsy. All these methods are still under preclinical or clinical trials and are described in this review to summarize current knowledge and ongoing trials.
胶质瘤是一类常见的脑肿瘤，其中最具侵袭性的亚型为多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM），其五年生存率低于5%，中位生存期约为12-14个月。GBM的标准治疗方案包括手术切除、放射治疗以及替莫唑胺（TMZ）化疗。然而，肿瘤复发和进展仍属常见。因此，亟需寻找更有效的GBM治疗方法。GBM及其他胶质瘤治疗的主要障碍之一是血脑屏障（BBB），它阻碍抗肿瘤化疗药物渗透至胶质母细胞瘤细胞。目前，磁共振引导聚焦超声（MRgFUS）是胶质瘤治疗中最具前景的新型方法之一。低强度FUS可短暂开放血脑屏障，从而提升药物向脑组织的递送效率。在磁共振引导下，超声波可精准作用于肿瘤区域，避免对健康组织产生副作用。通过开放的血脑屏障，我们可将靶向化疗药物、抗肿瘤制剂、免疫疗法及基因治疗直接递送至胶质瘤。MRgFUS的其他策略包括放射增敏、声动力疗法、组织粉碎术及热消融术。FUS还可通过血液液体活检技术用于监测胶质瘤的治疗与进展。所有这些方法目前仍处于临床前或临床试验阶段，本综述将系统阐述现有研究成果及正在进行的研究试验。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家