Background: Traditional methods of bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis include clinical examination, imaging, urine tests, cystoscopy, and biopsy. Due to the complexity of detection, diagnostic markers of bladder cancer measured in blood are still being sought. The pathogenesis of BC is complex and depends on many factors. However, the available literature data suggest that gasdermin D (GSDM D) has an influence in the pathogenesis of cancers. This study is the first that assesses the significance and diagnostic utility of serum GSDM D in bladder cancer. Methods: A total of 80 serum samples were obtained and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. The cancer patients were further classified into two groups, low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) bladder cancer, according to the TNM classification. The serum levels of GSDM D, CEA, and CA19-9 were assessed following the manufacturer’s instructions using immunoassay techniques. Results: The concentrations of GSDM D were nearly twice as high in the serum of BC patients compared to controls. Additionally, the median of GSDM D concentration was notably elevated in LG and HG bladder cancer than in C. In the total study group, the GSDM D concentration correlated with CRP and CEA levels. The diagnostic sensitivity of GSDM D was higher than that of CEA, but slightly lower in comparison to CA19-9. Moreover, the negative predictive value of GSDM D was the highest among all tested markers. The highest positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were observed for CEA, while the accuracy of GSDM D was comparable. GSDM D had an AUC value of 0.741, which was similar to the AUC value of CEA. Conclusions: GSDM D in serum appears to be a valuable diagnostic biomarker, especially when its measurement is used in conjunction with other markers such as CEA. Its high sensitivity makes it effective for the early detection of bladder cancer.
背景：膀胱癌（BC）的传统诊断方法包括临床检查、影像学检查、尿液检测、膀胱镜检查和活检。由于检测的复杂性，目前仍在寻找可通过血液测量的膀胱癌诊断标志物。膀胱癌的发病机制复杂，受多种因素影响。然而，现有文献数据表明，gasdermin D（GSDM D）在癌症发病机制中具有一定作用。本研究首次评估了血清GSDM D在膀胱癌中的意义及诊断价值。 方法：研究共收集并分析了来自健康志愿者（C）和膀胱癌患者的80份血清样本。根据TNM分期，癌症患者进一步分为低级别（LG）和高级别（HG）膀胱癌两组。采用免疫测定技术，按照制造商说明书检测血清中GSDM D、CEA和CA19-9的水平。 结果：膀胱癌患者血清中GSDM D的浓度约为对照组的近两倍。此外，与对照组相比，低级别和高级别膀胱癌患者的GSDM D浓度中位数均显著升高。在整个研究组中，GSDM D浓度与CRP和CEA水平相关。GSDM D的诊断敏感性高于CEA，但略低于CA19-9。此外，在所有检测的标志物中，GSDM D的阴性预测值最高。CEA的阳性预测值和诊断准确性最高，而GSDM D的准确性与之相当。GSDM D的AUC值为0.741，与CEA的AUC值相近。 结论：血清GSDM D似乎是一种有价值的诊断生物标志物，尤其是当其测量结果与CEA等其他标志物联合使用时。其高敏感性使其在膀胱癌的早期检测中具有良好效果。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家