Despite the great advancements in treatment strategies for hematological malignancies (HMs) over the years, their effective treatment remains challenging. Conventional treatment strategies are burdened with several serious drawbacks limiting their effectiveness and safety. Improved understanding of tumor immunobiology has provided novel anti-cancer strategies targeting selected immune response components. Currently, immunotherapy is counted as the fourth pillar of oncological treatment (together with surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy) and is becoming standard in the treatment regimen, alone or in combination therapy. Several categories of immunotherapies have been developed and are currently being assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of blood cancers, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, antigen-targeted antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies. However, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives have achieved the most notable clinical outcome so far. Since the approval of rituximab for treating B-cell malignancies, the availability of mAbs against tumor-specific surface molecules for clinical use has flourished. Antibody-based therapy has become one of the most successful strategies for immunotherapeutic cancer treatment in the last few decades, and many mAbs have already been introduced into standard treatment protocols for some hematologic malignancies. To further increase the efficacy of mAbs, they can be conjugated to radioisotopes or cytostatic drugs, so-called antibody–drug conjugates. Moreover, with the growing recognition of T-cell immunity’s role in cancer development, strategies aimed at enhancing T cell activation and inhibiting mechanisms that suppress T cell function are actively being developed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of immunotherapeutic strategies based on monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, including antibody–drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and checkpoint inhibitors, approved for the treatment of various HMs.
尽管多年来血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗策略取得了巨大进展，但其有效治疗仍面临挑战。传统治疗策略存在若干严重缺陷，限制了其疗效和安全性。对肿瘤免疫生物学认识的深入为靶向特定免疫反应成分的新型抗癌策略提供了可能。目前，免疫治疗已被视为肿瘤治疗的第四大支柱（与手术、化疗和放疗并列），正逐渐成为单独或联合治疗方案的标准组成部分。针对血液系统癌症已开发出多个类别的免疫疗法，目前正处于临床试验评估阶段，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、抗原靶向抗体、抗体-药物偶联物、肿瘤疫苗以及过继细胞疗法。然而，单克隆抗体及其衍生物迄今取得了最为显著的临床成果。自利妥昔单抗获批用于治疗B细胞恶性肿瘤以来，针对肿瘤特异性表面分子的单克隆抗体在临床应用中蓬勃发展。过去几十年间，基于抗体的疗法已成为免疫治疗癌症最成功的策略之一，许多单克隆抗体已被纳入某些血液系统恶性肿瘤的标准治疗方案。为进一步提高单克隆抗体的疗效，可将其与放射性同位素或细胞抑制药物偶联，形成所谓的抗体-药物偶联物。此外，随着对T细胞免疫在癌症发展中作用的认识不断加深，旨在增强T细胞活化并抑制T细胞功能抑制机制的策略正在积极开发中。本综述全面概述了基于单克隆抗体及其衍生物的免疫治疗策略（包括抗体-药物偶联物、双特异性T细胞衔接器和检查点抑制剂）在治疗各类血液系统恶性肿瘤中的获批现状。
Antibody-Based Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家