Lung cancer is a deadly disease with the highest rates of mortality. Over recent decades, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms implicated in its pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, resulting in improvements in patient outcomes. To better understand lung cancer tumor biology and advance towards precision oncology, a comprehensive tumor profile is necessary. In recent years, novel in situ spatial multiomics approaches have emerged offering a more detailed view of the spatial location of tumor and tumor microenvironment cells, identifying their unique composition and functional status. In this sense, novel multiomics platforms have been developed to evaluate tumor heterogeneity, gene expression, metabolic reprogramming, signaling pathway activation, cell–cell interactions, and immune cell programs. In lung cancer research, several studies have used these spatial technologies to locate cells and associated them with histological features that are relevant to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. These advancements may unveil further molecular and immune mechanisms in tumor biology that will lead to the discovery of biomarkers for treatment prediction and prognosis. In this review, we provide an overview of more widely used and emerging pathology-based approaches for spatial immune profiling in lung cancer and how they enhance our understanding of tumor biology and immune response.
肺癌是一种死亡率极高的致命疾病。近几十年来，随着对其发病机制中涉及的生物学机制有了更深入的理解，靶向治疗和免疫疗法得以发展，从而改善了患者的预后。为了更好地理解肺癌的肿瘤生物学并推动精准肿瘤学的发展，全面的肿瘤特征分析是必要的。近年来，新型原位空间多组学方法应运而生，提供了肿瘤及肿瘤微环境细胞空间定位的更详细视图，识别了其独特的组成和功能状态。在这一背景下，新型多组学平台被开发出来，用于评估肿瘤异质性、基因表达、代谢重编程、信号通路激活、细胞间相互作用以及免疫细胞程序。在肺癌研究中，多项研究已利用这些空间技术定位细胞，并将其与肺腺癌发病机制相关的组织学特征联系起来。这些进展可能揭示肿瘤生物学中更多的分子和免疫机制，从而推动用于治疗预测和预后的生物标志物的发现。本综述概述了肺癌空间免疫分析中更广泛应用和新兴的基于病理学的方法，以及它们如何增进我们对肿瘤生物学和免疫反应的理解。
Novel Spatial Approaches to Dissect the Lung Cancer Immune Microenvironment
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家