Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remain significant challenges in haematological oncology. This review examines the pathophysiology, classification, and risk stratification of these aggressive malignancies, emphasising their impact on treatment strategies and prognosis. We discuss current standard-of-care treatments, including chemotherapy regimens and targeted therapies, while addressing the associated adverse effects and hypersensitivity reactions. Delving into the metabolic characteristics and vulnerabilities of leukaemia cells, the review highlights the key differences between lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia and how metabolic insights can be utilised for therapeutic purposes, with special focus on asparaginase therapy and its potential for improvement in both ALL and AML treatment. The review conveys the importance of personalised medicine approaches based on individual metabolic profiles and the challenges posed by metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity in leukaemia cells. Combining molecular and metabolic profiling can enhance and refine treatment strategies for acute leukaemia, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life. However, integrating these into routine clinical practice requires overcoming various practical, technical, and logistical issues.
急性髓系白血病（AML）与急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）仍是血液肿瘤学领域的重大挑战。本文综述了这两种侵袭性恶性肿瘤的病理生理机制、分类及风险分层，重点探讨其对治疗策略及预后的影响。我们讨论了当前标准治疗方案，包括化疗方案与靶向治疗，同时分析了相关不良反应及超敏反应。通过深入探究白血病细胞的代谢特性与脆弱性，本文着重阐述了淋巴系与髓系白血病的关键差异，以及如何利用代谢特征开发治疗策略，特别聚焦于门冬酰胺酶疗法及其在改善ALL与AML治疗中的潜力。本综述强调了基于个体代谢特征的精准医疗策略的重要性，同时指出白血病细胞代谢异质性与可塑性带来的挑战。结合分子与代谢特征分析有望优化急性白血病的治疗策略，从而改善患者预后与生活质量。然而，将这些方法整合到常规临床实践中仍需克服诸多实际、技术与操作层面的障碍。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家