Breast cancer (BC), a major cause of death among women worldwide, has traditionally been linked to genetic and environmental factors. However, emerging research highlights the gut microbiome’s significant role in shaping BC development, progression, and treatment outcomes. This review explores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and the breast tumor microenvironment, emphasizing how these microbes influence immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. Certain bacterial species in the gut either contribute to or hinder BC progression by producing metabolites that affect hormone metabolism, immune system pathways, and cellular signaling. An imbalance in gut bacteria, known as dysbiosis, has been associated with a heightened risk of BC, with metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and enzymes such as β-glucuronidase playing key roles in this process. Additionally, the gut microbiota can impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy, as certain bacteria can degrade drugs like gemcitabine and irinotecan, leading to reduced treatment efficacy. Understanding the complex interactions between gut bacteria and BC may pave the way for innovative treatment approaches, including personalized microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplants, offering new hope for more effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of BC.
乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一，传统上被认为与遗传和环境因素相关。然而，新兴研究揭示了肠道微生物组在乳腺癌发生、发展及治疗结局中的重要作用。本综述探讨了肠道菌群与乳腺肿瘤微环境之间的复杂关系，重点阐述了这些微生物如何影响免疫反应、炎症及代谢通路。肠道中的特定菌种通过产生影响激素代谢、免疫系统通路和细胞信号传导的代谢物，促进或抑制乳腺癌进展。肠道菌群失衡（即菌群失调）与乳腺癌风险升高相关，其中短链脂肪酸等代谢物及β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶等酶类在此过程中发挥关键作用。此外，肠道微生物可影响化疗疗效，某些菌种能降解吉西他滨、伊立替康等药物，导致治疗效果降低。深入理解肠道菌群与乳腺癌之间的复杂相互作用，可能为创新治疗方案开辟道路，包括益生菌和粪菌移植等个体化微生物组靶向疗法，为更有效的乳腺癌预防、诊断和治疗带来新希望。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家