Genitourinary (GU) malignancies are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In patients with localized GU cancers, surgical resection or definitive radiation remain the mainstays of treatment. Despite definitive treatment, many patients with high-risk localized disease experience recurrence. There is growing interest in using neoadjuvant immunotherapy to improve outcomes. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with localized high-risk GU cancers including renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, prostate cancer, penile squamous cell carcinoma, and testicular germ cell tumors. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials and candidate biomarkers to optimize patient selection and improve treatment outcomes.
泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤较为常见，且具有较高的发病率和死亡率。对于局限性泌尿生殖系统肿瘤患者，手术切除或根治性放疗仍是主要治疗手段。然而，即使接受根治性治疗，许多高危局限性肿瘤患者仍面临复发风险。新辅助免疫治疗在改善患者预后方面日益受到关注。本文综述了当前关于新辅助免疫治疗在局限性高危泌尿生殖系统肿瘤（包括肾细胞癌、尿路上皮癌、前列腺癌、阴茎鳞状细胞癌和睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤）中的应用证据，并探讨了正在进行的临床试验及用于优化患者选择和改善治疗效果的候选生物标志物。
Role of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancies
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家