Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor categorized as a Grade 4 astrocytic glioma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some of the established risk factors of GBM include inherited genetic syndromes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and therapeutic ionizing radiation. Vascular anomalies, including local and peripheral thrombosis, are common features of GBM. Podoplanin (PDPN), a ligand of the C-type lectin receptor (CLEC-2), promotes platelet activation, aggregation, venous thromboembolism (VTE), lymphatic vessel formation, and tumor metastasis in GBM patients. It is regulated by Prox1 and is expressed in developing and adult mammalian brains. It was initially identified on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) as the E11 antigen and on fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) of lymphoid organs and thymic epithelial cells as gp38. In recent research studies, its expression has been linked with prognosis in GBM. PDPN-expressing cancer cells are highly pernicious, with a mutant aptitude to form stem cells. Such cells, on colocalization to the surrounding tissues, transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cells, contributing to the malignant carcinogenesis of GBM. PDPN can be used as an independent prognostic factor in GBM, and this review provides strong preclinical and clinical evidence supporting these claims.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是一种恶性原发性脑肿瘤，被世界卫生组织（WHO）归类为4级星形细胞胶质瘤。已确认的GBM风险因素包括遗传性综合征、体重指数、饮酒、非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的使用以及治疗性电离辐射。血管异常，包括局部和周围血栓形成，是GBM的常见特征。平足蛋白（PDPN）作为C型凝集素受体（CLEC-2）的配体，在GBM患者中促进血小板活化、聚集、静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）、淋巴管形成和肿瘤转移。它受Prox1调控，在发育中和成年哺乳动物大脑中均有表达。最初在淋巴管内皮细胞（LECs）上被鉴定为E11抗原，在淋巴器官的成纤维网状细胞（FRCs）和胸腺上皮细胞上被鉴定为gp38。近期的研究显示，其表达与GBM的预后相关。表达PDPN的癌细胞具有高度恶性，并具有形成干细胞的突变倾向。此类细胞在共定位于周围组织时，会从上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化，从而促进GBM的恶性癌变。PDPN可作为GBM的独立预后因素，本综述提供了支持这些观点的强有力的临床前和临床证据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家