Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor worldwide and poses a significant challenge to public health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of developing prostate cancer. Methods: We conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1998 to 2024. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The DerSimonian–Laird random-effect model was employed for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated using a forest plot and statistically assessed via the Q test, I2index, andp-values. Results: Forty-three studies involving a total of 3,746,769 patients were included. Both case–control (pOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97; I2= 92.24%) and cohort studies (pRR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59–0.99; I2= 85.41%) suggest that diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, though with significant heterogeneity (p< 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of developing prostate cancer was significantly higher in patients with a family history of prostate cancer (pRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.16–1.35; I2= 69.51%). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis of recent observational studies indicates that diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer.
引言：前列腺癌是全球范围内第二常见的恶性肿瘤，对公共卫生构成重大挑战。本系统综述与荟萃分析旨在探讨糖尿病与前列腺癌发病风险之间的关联。方法：我们检索了1998年至2024年间PubMed、Embase和Cochrane图书馆数据库。纳入研究的偏倚风险采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行评估。荟萃分析采用DerSimonian–Laird随机效应模型。通过森林图评估异质性，并采用Q检验、I²指数及p值进行统计学分析。结果：共纳入43项研究，涉及3,746,769名患者。病例对照研究（合并比值比pOR = 0.68，95%置信区间：0.61–0.97；I² = 92.24%）与队列研究（合并相对风险pRR = 0.71，95%置信区间：0.59–0.99；I² = 85.41%）均提示糖尿病与前列腺癌风险降低相关，但存在显著异质性（p < 0.05）。亚组分析显示，有前列腺癌家族史的患者发病风险显著升高（pRR = 1.25，95%置信区间：1.16–1.35；I² = 69.51%）。结论：基于近期观察性研究的荟萃分析表明，糖尿病与前列腺癌发病风险降低存在关联。
Diabetes Mellitus and Prostate Cancer Risk—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家