Background/Objectives:Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among American men, following lung cancer. While diet and exercise have been extensively studied in relation to prostate cancer prevention, the evidence remains inconclusive.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify observational studies investigating the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality, determined by the NOVA classification system. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses to assess the association based on study design, age, and data collection methods.Results: Six studies were identified, including four cohort studies and two case–control studies. No significant association was found between high UPF consumption and increased risk of prostate cancer [RR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96–1.08, n = 5]. However, there was a slight increase in mortality (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.99–1.35, n = 2). A subgroup analysis by the dietary assessment method revealed an RR of 1.01 (95% CI = 0.93–1.09) for studies using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 1.04 (95% CI = 0.93–1.16) for studies using 24-h recalls. There was no significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2= 0,p= 0.82).Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests no significant association between high UPF consumption and prostate cancer risk. Given the known associations with other chronic diseases, the potential public health implications of reducing UPF consumption remain important. Further research with the use of more robust food assignment systems and more precise dietary assessments is needed to clarify the role of UPF in prostate cancer development.
背景/目的：前列腺癌是美国男性癌症死亡的第二大原因，仅次于肺癌。尽管饮食和运动与前列腺癌预防的关系已得到广泛研究，但证据仍不明确。 方法：通过全面的文献检索，识别了采用NOVA分类系统评估超加工食品（UPF）摄入与前列腺癌风险及死亡率关联的观察性研究。此外，我们进行了亚组分析，以评估基于研究设计、年龄和数据收集方法的关联性。 结果：共纳入六项研究，包括四项队列研究和两项病例对照研究。未发现高UPF摄入与前列腺癌风险增加之间存在显著关联[相对风险（RR）= 1.02，95%置信区间（CI）= 0.96–1.08，n = 5]。然而，死亡率略有增加（RR = 1.15，95% CI = 0.99–1.35，n = 2）。按膳食评估方法进行的亚组分析显示，使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）的研究RR为1.01（95% CI = 0.93–1.09），使用24小时回忆法的研究RR为1.04（95% CI = 0.93–1.16）。研究间未发现显著异质性（I² = 0，p = 0.82）。 结论：本荟萃分析表明，高UPF摄入与前列腺癌风险无显著关联。鉴于UPF与其他慢性疾病的已知关联，减少UPF摄入的潜在公共卫生意义仍然重要。未来需采用更稳健的食品分类系统和更精确的膳食评估方法进一步研究，以明确UPF在前列腺癌发展中的作用。
Ultra-Processed Food and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家