Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden, necessitating a thorough understanding of prognostic and predictive factors to enhance patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate prognostic and predictive determinants in CRC, encompassing both traditional and emerging biomarkers. A systematic search of major electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published from 1995 up to 2024. Eligible articles were critically appraised, and data extraction was performed according to predefined criteria. The prognostic determinants examined included clinicopathological features such as tumor stage, grade, and lymph node involvement, as well as molecular biomarkers including RAS, BRAF, and MSI status. Predictive determinants encompassed biomarkers influencing response to targeted therapies and immunotherapy, such as HER2 and Immunoscore. The review also explores novel prognostic and predictive markers, including tumor microenvironment characteristics and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers. Synthesizing evidence from diverse studies, this review provides insights into the prognostic and predictive landscape of CRC, highlighting the potential clinical implications of identified determinants. Understanding the multifaceted nature of prognostic and predictive factors in CRC is imperative for the advancement of personalized treatment strategies and improvement of patient outcomes.
结直肠癌（CRC）作为全球重大健康负担，亟需深入理解其预后与预测因素以改善患者结局。本系统性综述旨在全面评估结直肠癌的预后与预测决定因素，涵盖传统及新兴生物标志物。通过系统检索主要电子数据库，纳入1995年至2024年间发表的相关研究。依据预设标准对符合要求的文献进行严格评估与数据提取。研究的预后因素包括肿瘤分期、分级、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征，以及RAS、BRAF、微卫星不稳定性（MSI）状态等分子标志物；预测因素则涵盖影响靶向治疗及免疫治疗应答的生物标志物，如HER2与免疫评分。此外，本文还探讨了肿瘤微环境特征、液体活检生物标志物等新型预后与预测指标。通过整合多项研究证据，本综述系统阐述了结直肠癌预后与预测因素的研究现状，并重点分析了已识别决定因素的潜在临床意义。深入理解结直肠癌预后与预测因素的多维特性，对推进个体化治疗策略及改善患者预后具有至关重要的意义。
Prognostic and Predictive Determinants of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家