The connection between microbial infections and tumor formation is notably exemplified byHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori)and its association with gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). While early studies hinted at a link betweenH. pyloriand colorectal neoplasms, comprehensive retrospective cohort studies were lacking. Recent research indicates that individuals treated forH. pyloriinfection experience a significant reduction in both CRC incidence and mortality, suggesting a potential role of this infection in malignancy development. Globally,H. pyloriprevalence varies, with higher rates in developing countries (80–90%) compared to developed nations (20–50%). This infection is linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and GC, highlighting the importance of understanding its epidemiology for public health interventions.H. pylorisignificantly increases the risk of non-cardia GC. Some meta-analyses have shown a 1.49-fold increased risk for colorectal adenomas and a 1.70-fold increase for CRC in infected individuals. Additionally,H. pylorieradication may lower the CRC risk, although the relationship is still being debated. Although eradication therapy shows promise in reducing GC incidence, concerns about antibiotic resistance pose treatment challenges. The role ofH. pyloriin colorectal tumors remains contentious, with some studies indicating an increased risk of colorectal adenoma, while others find minimal association. Future research should investigate the causal mechanisms betweenH. pyloriinfection and colorectal neoplasia, including factors like diabetes, to better understand its role in tumor formation and support widespread eradication efforts to prevent both gastric and colorectal cancers.
微生物感染与肿瘤形成之间的关联，以幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）与胃癌（GC）及结直肠癌（CRC）的联系尤为显著。早期研究虽提示幽门螺杆菌与结直肠肿瘤存在关联，但缺乏全面的回顾性队列研究证据。最新研究表明，接受幽门螺杆菌感染治疗的患者，其结直肠癌发病率和死亡率均显著降低，这提示该感染可能在恶性肿瘤发生发展中具有一定作用。全球范围内幽门螺杆菌感染率存在差异，发展中国家感染率（80–90%）显著高于发达国家（20–50%）。该感染与慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡及胃癌密切相关，凸显了掌握其流行病学特征对公共卫生干预的重要性。 幽门螺杆菌感染显著增加非贲门部胃癌风险。部分荟萃分析显示，感染者发生结直肠腺瘤的风险增加1.49倍，结直肠癌风险增加1.70倍。此外，根除幽门螺杆菌可能降低结直肠癌风险，尽管这一关系尚存争议。虽然根除治疗在降低胃癌发病率方面展现潜力，但抗生素耐药性问题给治疗带来挑战。幽门螺杆菌在结直肠肿瘤中的作用仍存在分歧：部分研究提示其增加结直肠腺瘤风险，而其他研究则发现关联性较弱。未来研究应深入探讨幽门螺杆菌感染与结直肠肿瘤之间的因果机制，包括糖尿病等影响因素，以更全面理解其在肿瘤形成中的作用，并为通过广泛根除治疗预防胃癌和结直肠癌提供理论依据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家