Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, lacking common treatment targets such as estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER2 receptors. This subtype is associated with significant heterogeneity, chemoresistance, early recurrence, metastasis, and poor patient survival. FOXM1 is a cancer-promoting transcription factor that plays a critical role in TNBC and other highly aggressive cancers by driving cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In TNBC, mutations in the TP53 gene—detected in approximately 80% of patients—lead to the overexpression of FOXM1, making it a promising therapeutic target. Beyond TNBC, FOXM1 is implicated in other solid cancers, such as brain (glioblastoma), lung, and pancreatic cancers, and is considered an Achilles’ heel of aggressive cancers. Despite its potential as a therapeutic target, there are currently no FDA-approved FOXM1 inhibitors, and none have advanced to clinical trials. This review explores the role of FOXM1 in cancer progression and highlights the current status of efforts to develop effective FOXM1 inhibitors.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是最具侵袭性的乳腺癌亚型之一，其缺乏雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和HER2受体等常见治疗靶点。该亚型具有显著的异质性、化疗耐药性、早期复发、转移倾向及患者生存率低等特点。FOXM1是一种促癌转录因子，通过驱动细胞增殖、侵袭、转移和耐药性，在TNBC及其他高侵袭性癌症中发挥关键作用。在TNBC中，约80%患者检测到的TP53基因突变会导致FOXM1过表达，使其成为一个潜在的治疗靶点。除TNBC外，FOXM1还参与脑癌（胶质母细胞瘤）、肺癌和胰腺癌等其他实体瘤的发展，被认为是侵袭性癌症的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。尽管FOXM1作为治疗靶点具有潜力，但目前尚无FDA批准的FOXM1抑制剂，且尚未有药物进入临床试验阶段。本综述探讨了FOXM1在癌症进展中的作用，并重点阐述了当前开发有效FOXM1抑制剂的研究进展。
Therapeutic Landscape of FOXM1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Aggressive Solid Cancers
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家