Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) has emerged as an effective and minimally invasive treatment for pancreatic lesions, particularly in patients at high surgical risk. Utilizing thermal energy, RFA induces the coagulative necrosis of the tissue and potentially triggers immunomodulation by releasing intracellular antigens. Numerous studies have confirmed the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of EUS-RFA in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and premalignant cystic lesions, with an acceptable profile of adverse events. The technique’s potential immunomodulatory effects offer intriguing implications for the treatment of advanced pancreatic malignancies, encouraging further evaluation. This review paper aims to highlight the EUS-RFA principles, technology, and clinical applications in various pancreatic lesions and safety, and the future research directions.
内镜超声引导下射频消融术（EUS-RFA）已成为胰腺病变，特别是对于高手术风险患者的一种有效且微创的治疗方法。射频消融利用热能诱导组织凝固性坏死，并通过释放细胞内抗原可能触发免疫调节作用。多项研究已证实EUS-RFA在胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤和癌前囊性病变中的技术可行性、安全性及有效性，且不良事件发生率处于可接受范围。该技术潜在的免疫调节效应为晚期胰腺恶性肿瘤的治疗提供了引人关注的新方向，值得进一步深入研究。本综述旨在阐述EUS-RFA的原理、技术及其在各类胰腺病变中的临床应用与安全性，并探讨未来的研究方向。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家