Background:The significant expansion of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine has led to the development of innovative and effective techniques to combat various pathogens, demonstrating promising results with fewer adverse effects. Metal peroxide nanoparticles stand out among the crucial yet often overlooked types of nanomaterials, including metals. These nanoparticles are key in producing oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through simple chemical reactions, which are vital in treating various diseases. These compounds play a crucial role in boosting the effectiveness of different treatment methods and also possess unique properties due to the addition of metal ions.Methods:This review discusses and analyzes some of the most common metal peroxide nanoparticles, including copper peroxide (CuO2), calcium peroxide (CaO2), magnesium peroxide (MgO2), zinc peroxide (ZnO2), barium peroxide (BaO2), and titanium peroxide (TiOx) nanosystems. These nanosystems, characterized by their greater potential and treatment efficiency, are primarily needed in nanomedicine to combat various harmful pathogens. Researchers have extensively studied the effects of these peroxides in various treatments, such as catalytic nanotherapeutics, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, and some combination therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is particularly unique, making the impact of nanomedicine less effective or even null. The presence of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia, low pH, and high glutathione levels makes them competitive against nanomedicine. Controlling the TME is a promising approach to combating cancer.Results:Metal peroxides with low biodegradability, toxicity, and side effects could reduce their effectiveness in treating the TME. It is important to consider the distribution of metal peroxides to effectively target cancer cells while avoiding harm to nearby normal cells. As a result, modifying the surface of metal peroxides is a key strategy to enhance their delivery to the TME, thereby improving their therapeutic benefits.Conclusions:This review discussed the various aspects of the TME and the importance of modifying the surface of metal peroxides to enhance their therapeutic advantages against cancer, as well as address safety concerns. Additionally, this review covered the current challenges in translating basic research findings into clinical applications of therapies based on metal peroxide nanoparticles.
背景：纳米生物技术和纳米医学的显著扩展推动了创新且有效的抗病原体技术的发展，这些技术展现出良好的效果且副作用较少。金属过氧化物纳米颗粒，包括金属类纳米材料，在众多关键但常被忽视的纳米材料类型中脱颖而出。这些纳米颗粒通过简单的化学反应产生氧气（O₂）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂），这对于治疗多种疾病至关重要。这些化合物在提升不同治疗方法的有效性方面发挥着关键作用，并且由于金属离子的加入而具备独特的性质。 方法：本综述讨论并分析了一些最常见的金属过氧化物纳米颗粒，包括过氧化铜（CuO₂）、过氧化钙（CaO₂）、过氧化镁（MgO₂）、过氧化锌（ZnO₂）、过氧化钡（BaO₂）和过氧化钛（TiOₓ）纳米系统。这些纳米系统以其更大的潜力和治疗效率为特点，在纳米医学中主要用于对抗各种有害病原体。研究人员已广泛研究了这些过氧化物在多种治疗中的作用，如催化纳米治疗、光动力疗法、放射疗法以及一些联合疗法。肿瘤微环境（TME）尤为独特，这使得纳米医学的效果降低甚至无效。高水平的活性氧（ROS）、缺氧、低pH值和高谷胱甘肽水平的存在使得它们与纳米医学形成竞争。控制TME是抗击癌症的一种有前景的方法。 结果：生物降解性低、毒性和副作用较大的金属过氧化物可能会降低其在治疗TME中的有效性。重要的是要考虑金属过氧化物的分布，以有效靶向癌细胞，同时避免对邻近正常细胞造成伤害。因此，修饰金属过氧化物的表面是增强其向TME递送的关键策略，从而提高其治疗效果。 结论：本综述讨论了TME的各个方面，以及修饰金属过氧化物表面以增强其抗癌治疗优势并解决安全性问题的重要性。此外，本综述还涵盖了将基础研究成果转化为基于金属过氧化物纳米颗粒的临床治疗应用当前面临的挑战。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家