The capacity of cancer cells to migrate from a primary tumor, disseminate throughout the body, and eventually establish secondary tumors is a fundamental aspect of metastasis. A detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning this multifaceted process would facilitate the rational development of therapies aimed at treating metastatic disease. Although various hypotheses and models have been proposed, no single concept fully explains the mechanism of metastasis or integrates all observations and experimental findings. Recent advancements in metastasis research have refined existing theories and introduced new ones. This review evaluates several novel/emerging theories, focusing on ghost mitochondria (GM), vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs).
癌细胞从原发肿瘤迁移、在全身播散并最终形成继发性肿瘤的能力是转移过程的核心特征。深入理解这一复杂过程背后的细胞与分子机制，将有助于针对转移性疾病开发合理的治疗策略。尽管已有多种假说和模型被提出，但目前尚无单一理论能完整阐释转移机制或整合所有观察结果与实验发现。近期转移研究领域的进展既完善了现有理论，也催生了新的学说。本综述将重点围绕幽灵线粒体、血管生成拟态及多倍体巨癌细胞等新兴理论展开评述。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家