Cancer is a significant health challenge globally, with millions of people affected every year, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Although other treatment options are available with limitations, chemotherapy, either standalone or combined with other therapeutic procedures, is the most commonly used practice of treating cancer. In chemotherapy, cancer cells/malignant tumors are targeted; however, due to less target specificity, along with malignant cells, normal cells are also affected, which leads to various off-target effects (side effects) that impact the patient quality of life. Out of all the different types of cancers, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in humans worldwide. Current anticancer drug discovery research aims to develop therapeutics with higher potency and lower toxicity, which is only possible through target-specific therapy. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are explicitly designed to target malignant tumors and minimize off-target effects by reducing systemic cytotoxicity. Several ADCs have been approved for clinical use and have shown moderate to good efficacy so far. Considering various aspects, chemotherapy and ADCs are useful in treating cancer. However, ADCs provide a more focused and less toxic approach, which is especially helpful in cases where resistance to chemotherapy (drug resistance) occurs and in the type of malignancies in which specific antigens are overexpressed. Ongoing ADC research aims to develop more target-specific cancer treatments. In short, this study presents a concise overview of ADCs specific to breast cancer treatment. This study provides insight into the classifications, mechanisms of action, structural aspects, and clinical trial phases (current status) of these chemo-biologic drugs (ADCs).
癌症是全球面临的重大健康挑战，每年影响数百万人，导致高发病率和高死亡率。尽管存在其他具有局限性的治疗方案，化疗（单独使用或与其他治疗程序联合应用）仍是目前治疗癌症最常用的方法。在化疗过程中，虽然以癌细胞/恶性肿瘤为靶点，但由于靶向特异性不足，正常细胞与恶性细胞同时受到影响，导致多种脱靶效应（副作用），严重影响患者生活质量。在所有癌症类型中，乳腺癌是全球范围内最常见的癌症类型。当前抗癌药物研发的目标是开发疗效更强、毒性更低的治疗方法，而这只能通过靶向特异性治疗实现。抗体药物偶联物（ADCs）正是为靶向恶性肿瘤而设计，通过降低全身细胞毒性来减少脱靶效应。目前已有数种ADCs获批临床应用，并显示出中等至良好的疗效。综合多方面因素，化疗和ADCs在癌症治疗中都具有重要价值。然而，ADCs提供了更具针对性且毒性更低的治疗途径，尤其适用于出现化疗耐药（药物抵抗）的情况，以及特定抗原过度表达的恶性肿瘤类型。当前ADC研究致力于开发更具靶向特异性的癌症治疗方法。简而言之，本研究针对乳腺癌治疗相关的ADCs进行了系统性概述，深入探讨了这类化学生物药物（ADCs）的分类、作用机制、结构特征及临床试验阶段（现状）。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家