Background:Ochratoxin A (OTA) is widely recognized for its broad spectrum of toxic effects and is classified as a potential human carcinogen, placed in group 2B by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Its presence in food and beverages poses a significant health hazard. Extensive research has documented the efficient absorption and distribution of OTA throughout the body via the bloodstream and tissues, underscoring the associated health risk. Additionally, ongoing studies aim to clarify the link between OTA exposure and carcinogenesis. The obtained results indicate a strong correlation between OTA and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with potential associations with other malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). OTA is implicated in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, DNA damage, adduct formation, miRNA deregulation, and distributions in the cell cycle, all of which may contribute to carcinogenesis.Conclusions:Despite significant research efforts, the topic remains inexhaustible and requires further investigation. The obtained results do not yield definitive conclusions, potentially due to species-specific differences in the animal models used and challenges in extrapolating these results to humans. In our review, we delve deeper into the potential mechanisms underlying OTA-induced carcinogenesis and discuss existing limitations, providing directions for future research.
背景：赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）因其广泛的毒性效应而被广泛认知，并被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）列为2B类潜在人类致癌物。其在食品和饮料中的存在构成了显著的健康风险。大量研究证实，OTA可通过血液和组织在体内高效吸收与分布，进一步突显了其相关的健康威胁。此外，当前研究致力于阐明OTA暴露与致癌作用之间的关联。已有结果表明，OTA与肾细胞癌（RCC）存在强烈相关性，并可能与其他恶性肿瘤如肝细胞癌（HCC）、胆囊癌（GBC）及鳞状细胞癌（SCC）有关。OTA涉及氧化应激、脂质过氧化、细胞凋亡、DNA损伤、加合物形成、miRNA失调以及细胞周期分布异常等多种机制，这些均可能促进致癌过程。 结论：尽管已有大量研究投入，该议题仍具深远探索空间，需进一步深入探讨。现有结果尚未得出明确结论，部分原因可能在于所用动物模型存在物种特异性差异，以及将这些结果外推至人类面临的挑战。本综述深入探讨了OTA诱导致癌的潜在机制，分析了现有研究的局限性，并为未来研究方向提供了建议。
Ochratoxin A and Its Role in Cancer Development: A Comprehensive Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家