Sarcopenia is recognized as a crucial factor impacting the prognosis, treatment responses, and quality of life of HNC patients. This review discusses various mechanisms, including common etiological factors, such as aging, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Cancer-related factors, including tumor locations and treatment modalities, contribute to the development of sarcopenia. The clinical implications of sarcopenia in HNC patients extend beyond reduced muscle strength; it affects overall mobility, reduces quality of life, and increases the risk of falls and fractures. Sarcopenia serves as an independent predictor of postoperative complications, chemotherapy dose-limiting toxicity, and treatment outcomes, which affect therapy planning and perioperative management decisions. Methods to assess sarcopenia in HNC patients encompass various techniques. A sarcopenia assessment offers a potentially efficient and readily available tool for clinical practice. Interventions and management strategies for sarcopenia involve exercise interventions as a cornerstone; however, challenges arise due to patient-specific limitations during cancer treatment. A routine body composition analysis is proposed as a valuable addition to HNC patient management, with ongoing research required to refine preoperative exercise and nutrition programs for improved treatment outcomes and survival.
肌肉减少症被认为是影响头颈癌患者预后、治疗反应及生活质量的关键因素。本综述探讨了多种发病机制，包括衰老、慢性炎症和代谢失调等常见病因因素。肿瘤相关因素，如肿瘤部位和治疗方式，也会促进肌肉减少症的发生。肌肉减少症对头颈癌患者的临床影响不仅限于肌力下降，还会影响整体活动能力、降低生活质量，并增加跌倒和骨折风险。该病症可作为术后并发症、化疗剂量限制性毒性及治疗结果的独立预测指标，从而影响治疗方案的制定和围手术期管理决策。头颈癌患者肌肉减少症的评估方法涵盖多种技术，其评估为临床实践提供了潜在高效且易于获取的工具。针对肌肉减少症的干预与管理策略以运动干预为核心，但在癌症治疗期间因患者个体限制而面临挑战。建议将常规身体成分分析作为头颈癌患者管理的重要补充手段，同时需要持续开展研究以完善术前运动和营养方案，从而改善治疗结果并提高生存率。
Head and Neck Cancer and Sarcopenia: An Integrative Clinical and Functional Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家