BTC overall incidence is globally increasing. CCA, including its subtypes, is a form of BTC. MetS, obesity, MASLD, and diabetes are all linked to CCA in interconnected ways. The link between obesity and CCA is less well-defined in Eastern countries as compared to Western. Although more research is needed to determine the relationship between MASLD and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA), MASLD may be a concurrent risk factor for intrahepatic CCA, particularly in populations with established or unidentified underlying liver disease. Interestingly, the risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC) seemed to be higher in patients with shorter diabetes durations who were not treated with insulin. Therefore, early detection and prevention of chronic liver disease, as well as additional intervention studies, will undoubtedly be required to determine whether improvements to MetS, weight loss, and diabetes therapy can reduce the risk and progression of BTC. However, further studies are needed to understand how reproductive hormones are involved in causing BTC and to develop consistent treatment for patients. Finally, it is critical to carefully assess the cardiological risk in BTC patients due to their increased intrinsic cardiovascular risk, putting them at risk for thrombotic complications, cardiovascular death, cardiac metastasis, and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. This review aimed to provide an updated summary of the relation between the abovementioned cardio-metabolic conditions and BTC.
胆道癌（BTC）的总体发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。胆管癌（CCA）及其亚型是BTC的一种形式。代谢综合征（MetS）、肥胖、代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）和糖尿病均以相互关联的方式与CCA相关。与西方国家相比，在东方国家中肥胖与CCA之间的关联尚不明确。尽管需要更多研究来确定MASLD与肝外胆管癌（eCCA）之间的关系，但MASLD可能是肝内胆管癌（iCCA）的并发风险因素，特别是在已存在或未明确的潜在肝病人群中。有趣的是，在糖尿病病程较短且未接受胰岛素治疗的患者中，胆道癌（BTC）的风险似乎更高。因此，早期发现和预防慢性肝病，以及进行额外的干预研究，无疑将有助于确定改善代谢综合征、减轻体重和糖尿病治疗是否能够降低BTC的风险和进展。然而，需要进一步研究以了解生殖激素如何参与导致BTC，并为患者制定一致的治疗方案。最后，由于BTC患者内在心血管风险增加，使其面临血栓并发症、心血管死亡、心脏转移和非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎的风险，因此仔细评估BTC患者的心脏风险至关重要。本综述旨在提供上述心脏代谢状况与BTC之间关系的最新总结。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家