Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing in incidence by around 1.5% per year for several years. However, the mortality rate has been decreasing by 1.6% per year, and this can be attributed to stage migration and improvements in treatment. One treatment modality that has emerged in recent years is stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), which is an advanced radiotherapy technique that allows the delivery of high-dose radiation to the tumor while minimizing doses to the organs at risk. SBRT has developed a role in the treatment of early-stage, oligometastatic and oligoprogressive RCC. In localized disease, phase II trials and meta-analyses have shown that SBRT provides a very high probability of long-term local control with a low risk of severe late toxicity. In oligometastatic (OMD) RCC, the same level of evidence has similarly shown good local control and minimal toxicity. SBRT could also delay the necessity to start or switch systemic treatments. Medical societies have started to incorporate SBRT in their guidelines in the treatment of localized disease and OMD. A possible future role of SBRT involves cytoreduction. It is theorized that SBRT can lower tumor burden and enhance immune-related response, but it cannot be recommended until the results of the phase II trials are published.
肾细胞癌（RCC）的发病率近年来以每年约1.5%的速度持续上升，但死亡率却以每年1.6%的比例下降，这主要归因于疾病分期迁移及治疗手段的进步。立体定向体部放疗（SBRT）作为近年来新兴的治疗方式，是一种先进的放射治疗技术，能够在向肿瘤输送高剂量辐射的同时，最大限度降低对危险器官的照射剂量。SBRT在早期、寡转移及寡进展型肾细胞癌的治疗中已确立重要地位。针对局限性肾癌的II期临床试验及荟萃分析表明，SBRT能实现极高的长期局部控制率，且严重晚期毒性风险较低。在寡转移性肾癌治疗中，同等证据级别的研究同样证实了其良好的局部控制效果与极低的毒性反应。SBRT还能延缓启动或更换全身性治疗方案的必要性。目前多个医学学会已开始将SBRT纳入局限性肾癌及寡转移性肾癌的治疗指南。未来SBRT可能发挥肿瘤减灭作用，理论上可通过降低肿瘤负荷增强免疫相关应答，但该应用仍需等待II期临床试验结果公布后方可推荐。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家