The widespread implementation of lung cancer screening and thin-slice computed tomography (CT) has led to the more frequent detection of small nodules, which are commonly referred to thoracic surgeons. Surgical resection is the final diagnostic and treatment option for such nodules; however, surgeons must perform preoperative or intraoperative markings for the identification of such nodules and their precise resection. Historically, hook-wire marking has been performed more frequently worldwide; however, lethal complications, such as air embolism, have been reported. Therefore, several surgeons have recently attempted to develop novel preoperative and intraoperative markers. For example, transbronchial markings, such as virtual-assisted lung mapping and intraoperative markings using cone-beam computed tomography, have been developed. This review explores various marking methods that have been practically applied for a better understanding of preoperative and intraoperative markings in thoracic surgery. Recently, several attempts have been made to perform intraoperative molecular imaging and dynamic virtual three-dimensional computed tomography for the localization, diagnosis, and margin assessment of small nodules. In this narrative review, the current status and future perspectives of preoperative and intraoperative markings in thoracic surgery are examined for a better understanding of these techniques.
随着肺癌筛查和薄层计算机断层扫描（CT）的广泛应用，小结节的检出频率日益增加，这类病例通常转诊至胸外科医生。手术切除是此类结节的最终诊断与治疗手段；然而，外科医生需进行术前或术中标记以实现结节的准确定位与精准切除。历史上，钩线标记法在全球范围内应用较为广泛，但已有空气栓塞等致命并发症的报道。因此，近年来部分外科医生尝试开发新型术前与术中标记技术。例如，经支气管标记技术（如虚拟辅助肺定位）及基于锥形束计算机断层扫描的术中标记方法已逐步发展。本综述探讨了实际应用中多种标记方法，以增进对胸外科术前与术中标记技术的理解。近期，已有研究尝试通过术中分子成像和动态虚拟三维计算机断层扫描技术，实现小结节的定位、诊断及切缘评估。本文通过叙述性综述，系统探讨胸外科术前与术中标记技术的现状与未来展望，以深化对这些技术的认知。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家