Diets geared to reduce cancer risk in overweight and obese individuals focus on (1) caloric restriction (every day, some days, or most hours of each day); (2) changes in macronutrient intake; or (3) a combination of the prior two strategies. Diets generally fail because of nonadherence or due to limited sustained weight loss. This is in contrast to a diet supplemented with a weight loss medication, so long as the participant continues the medication or after bariatric surgery, in which adherence tends to be much higher. Among individuals who regain weight after surgery, weight loss medications are proving beneficial in maintaining weight loss. Both maximum and sustained weight loss are essential for all forms of effective metabolic improvement, including cancer risk reduction. The focus of this report is to assess the state of research on the consequence of pharmacotherapy use on weight loss and proposed weight loss-independent effects on subsequent cancer risk reduction, including the potential role of medication use in conjunction with metabolic (bariatric) surgery (MBS). Finally, we present Notices of Funding Opportunities (NOFOs) by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to better understand the mechanism(s) that are driving the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in cancer risk reduction.
针对超重和肥胖人群降低癌症风险的饮食策略主要聚焦于：(1)热量限制（每日、特定日期或每日大部分时段）；(2)宏量营养素摄入调整；或(3)前两种策略的结合。饮食干预通常因依从性不足或持续减重效果有限而难以奏效。相比之下，联合减重药物的饮食方案（只要参与者持续用药）或代谢减重手术后（其依从性通常显著更高）效果更为持久。对于术后体重反弹的个体，减重药物已被证实有助于维持减重效果。最大程度且持续的体重减轻对于所有形式的代谢改善（包括降低癌症风险）都至关重要。本报告旨在评估药物治疗对减重效果影响的研究现状，探讨其独立于减重作用对降低癌症风险的潜在影响，以及药物联合代谢减重手术（MBS）的协同作用机制。最后，我们介绍了美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）发布的资助机会公告（NOFOs），以推动深入研究药物治疗降低癌症风险的内在作用机制。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家