Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer, characterized by a unique molecular background and specific clinical behavior. A growing body of molecular data underscores LGSOC as a distinct disease entity; however, clinical evidence on the optimal treatment regimens for LGSOC remains limited due to the low incidence of the disease. Consequently, treatment recommendations for LGSOC are still often derived from findings on the more common high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and typically focus on radical cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Since LGSOCs typically exhibit only limited responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy, the clinical management of advanced and recurrent LGSOCs remains a significant therapeutic challenge and often results in limited treatment options and suboptimal outcomes. Recent advances in molecular profiling and the identification of new, promising targets, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, offer hope for improving both the prognosis and health-related quality of life in affected patients. Given the high unmet clinical need to establish new therapeutic standards beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy, this review aims to summarize the most promising molecular targets and emerging targeted agents.
低级别浆液性卵巢癌（LGSOC）是上皮性卵巢癌的一种罕见亚型，具有独特的分子背景和特定的临床行为。越来越多的分子数据表明LGSOC是一种独立的疾病实体；然而，由于该疾病发病率较低，关于LGSOC最佳治疗方案的临床证据仍然有限。因此，LGSOC的治疗建议通常仍源自更常见的高级别浆液性卵巢癌（HGSOC）的研究结果，主要集中在根治性肿瘤细胞减灭术和铂类化疗。由于LGSOC通常对铂类化疗的反应有限，晚期和复发性LGSOC的临床管理仍然是一个重大的治疗挑战，往往导致治疗选择有限且疗效欠佳。分子谱分析的最新进展以及新靶点（如丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）通路）的发现，为改善患者的预后和健康相关生活质量带来了希望。鉴于在细胞毒性化疗之外建立新治疗标准方面存在高度未满足的临床需求，本综述旨在总结最有前景的分子靶点和新兴靶向药物。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家