Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and progesterone receptors (PRs). TNBC has the poorest prognosis among breast cancer subtypes and is more likely to respond to immunotherapy due to its higher expression of PD-L1 and a greater percentage of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized TNBC treatment, especially with the FDA’s approval of pembrolizumab (Keytruda) combined with chemotherapy for advanced cases, opening new avenues for treating this deadly disease. Although immunotherapy can significantly improve patient outcomes in a subset of patients, achieving the desired response rate for all remains an unmet clinical goal. Strategies that enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade, including combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, or radiotherapy, may improve response rates and clinical outcomes. In this review, we provide a short background on TNBC and immunotherapy and explore the different types of immunotherapy strategies that are currently being evaluated in TNBC. Additionally, we review why combination strategies may be beneficial, provide an overview of the combination strategies, and discuss the novel immunotherapeutic opportunities that may be approved in the near future for TNBC.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）缺乏雌激素受体（ER）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）及孕激素受体（PR）的表达。在所有乳腺癌亚型中，TNBC的预后最差，但由于其PD-L1表达水平较高且肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞比例较大，更可能对免疫治疗产生应答。免疫治疗已彻底改变了TNBC的治疗格局，特别是美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准帕博利珠单抗（Keytruda）联合化疗用于晚期病例后，为这一致命疾病的治疗开辟了新途径。尽管免疫治疗能显著改善部分患者的临床结局，但实现所有患者达到理想应答率仍是未满足的临床目标。增强免疫检查点阻断应答的策略——包括免疫治疗与化疗、分子靶向治疗或放疗的联合应用——有望提高应答率并改善临床预后。本综述简要概述TNBC与免疫治疗的背景，探讨当前正在TNBC中评估的各类免疫治疗策略，同时分析联合治疗策略的潜在优势，系统综述现有联合策略，并展望近期可能获批用于TNBC的新型免疫治疗方向。
Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家