Background/Objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of leukemia with a very poor prognosis. Consequently, this neoplasm is extensively researched to discover new therapeutic strategies. One area of investigation is the study of intracellular communication and the impact of the bone marrow microenvironment on AML cells, with chemokines being a key focus. The roles of β-chemokines, γ-chemokines, and δ-chemokines in AML processes have not yet been sufficiently characterized. Methods: This publication summarizes all available knowledge about these chemotactic cytokines in AML and myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS) processes and presents potential therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. The significance of β-chemokines, γ-chemokines, and δ-chemokines is detailed, including CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL23, CCL28, and CX3CL1 (fractalkine). Additionally, the importance of atypical chemokine receptors in AML is discussed, specifically ACKR1, ACKR2, ACKR4, and CCRL2. Results/Conclusions: The focus is on the effects of these chemokines on AML cells, particularly their influence on proliferation and resistance to anti-leukemic drugs. Intercellular interactions with non-AML cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Treg), are also characterized. The clinical aspects of chemokines are thoroughly explained, including their effect on overall survival and the relationship between their blood levels and AML characteristics.
背景/目的：急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种预后极差的白血病类型。因此，针对该肿瘤的研究广泛开展，以探索新的治疗策略。其中一个研究方向是细胞内通讯及骨髓微环境对AML细胞的影响，其中趋化因子是关注重点。β-趋化因子、γ-趋化因子和δ-趋化因子在AML进程中的作用尚未得到充分阐明。方法：本文系统总结了目前关于这些趋化性细胞因子在AML及骨髓增生异常肿瘤（MDS）进程中的所有已知信息，并提出了针对该疾病的潜在治疗策略。详细阐述了β-趋化因子、γ-趋化因子和δ-趋化因子的重要意义，包括CCL2（MCP-1）、CCL3（MIP-1α）、CCL5（RANTES）、CCL23、CCL28及CX3CL1（fractalkine）。同时探讨了非典型趋化因子受体在AML中的重要性，特别是ACKR1、ACKR2、ACKR4和CCRL2。结果/结论：研究重点聚焦于这些趋化因子对AML细胞的作用，特别是对其增殖及抗白血病药物耐药性的影响。同时描述了AML细胞与非AML细胞（如间充质干细胞、巨噬细胞和调节性T细胞）间的相互作用。全面阐释了趋化因子的临床意义，包括其对患者总生存期的影响，以及其血液浓度水平与AML临床特征之间的关联。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家