Prostate cancer (PCa), the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, is particularly challenging for oncologists when a precise prognosis needs to be established. Indeed, the entire clinical management in PCa has important drawbacks, generating an intense debate concerning the possibility to individuate molecular biomarkers able to avoid overtreatment in patients with pathological indolent cancers. To date, the paradigmatic change in the view of cancer pathogenesis prompts to look for prognostic biomarkers not only in cancer epithelial cells but also in the tumor microenvironment. PCa ecology has been defined with increasing details in the last few years, and a number of promising key markers associated with the reactive stroma are now available. Here, we provide an updated description of the most biologically significant and cited prognosis-oriented microenvironment biomarkers derived from the main reactive processes during PCa pathogenesis: tissue adaptations, inflammatory response and metabolic reprogramming. Proposed biomarkers include factors involved in stromal cell differentiation, cancer-normal cell crosstalk, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and energy metabolism.
前列腺癌（PCa）作为全球男性最常见的恶性肿瘤，在需要建立精确预后判断时对肿瘤科医生构成特殊挑战。当前前列腺癌的临床管理存在显著缺陷，引发了关于能否通过分子生物标志物识别病理惰性癌患者以避免过度治疗的激烈讨论。随着癌症发病机制认知范式的转变，预后生物标志物的研究已从单纯关注癌上皮细胞扩展到肿瘤微环境领域。近年来前列腺癌生态系统的研究日趋精细，已发现多个与反应性间质相关的关键标志物。本文系统综述了在前列腺癌发病过程中，从组织适应性改变、炎症反应及代谢重编程等主要反应性过程中提取的、具有重要生物学意义且被广泛引用的预后相关微环境生物标志物。这些标志物涵盖间质细胞分化、癌-正常细胞交互作用、血管生成、细胞外基质重塑及能量代谢等关键过程的相关因子。
Evidence of the Link between Stroma Remodeling and Prostate Cancer Prognosis
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家