Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has generated substantial interest in cancer therapy. Various methods have been developed to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells, including approved drugs, experimental compounds, and nanomedicine formulations. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis presents unique molecular and cellular features, representing a promising approach for cancers resistant to conventional treatments. Recent research indicates a strong link between ferroptosis and the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting the potential of ferroptosis to trigger robust antitumor immune responses. Multiple cellular metabolic pathways control ferroptosis, including iron, lipid, and redox metabolism. Thus, understanding the interaction between tumor metabolism and ferroptosis is crucial for developing effective anticancer therapies. This review provides an in-depth discussion on combining inorganic nanoparticles with cancer therapies such as phototherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and the role of ferroptosis in these combination treatments. Furthermore, this paper explores the future of tumor treatment using nanomedicine, focusing on how inorganic nanoparticles can enhance ferroptosis in tumor cells and boost antitumor immunity. The goal is to advance ferroptosis-based nanomedicine from the laboratory to clinical applications.
铁死亡是一种以铁依赖性脂质过氧化为特征的调节性细胞死亡形式，在癌症治疗领域引起了广泛关注。目前已有多种方法被开发用于诱导肿瘤细胞发生铁死亡，包括已获批药物、实验性化合物及纳米药物制剂。与细胞凋亡不同，铁死亡具有独特的分子和细胞特征，为对抗常规治疗耐药的癌症提供了有前景的新策略。最新研究表明，铁死亡与肿瘤免疫微环境存在密切关联，提示其可能引发强大的抗肿瘤免疫应答。多种细胞代谢途径调控着铁死亡过程，包括铁代谢、脂质代谢和氧化还原代谢。因此，理解肿瘤代谢与铁死亡之间的相互作用对开发有效的抗癌疗法至关重要。本综述深入探讨了无机纳米颗粒与光疗、化疗、放疗及免疫疗法等癌症治疗手段的联合应用，并阐述了铁死亡在这些联合治疗中的作用。此外，本文展望了纳米药物在肿瘤治疗中的未来发展方向，重点关注无机纳米颗粒如何增强肿瘤细胞的铁死亡效应并提升抗肿瘤免疫应答，旨在推动基于铁死亡的纳米医学从实验室研究向临床应用转化。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家