Oral cavity and lip cancers are the 16th most common cancer in the world. It is widely known that a lack of public knowledge about precancerous lesions, oral cancer symptoms, and risk factors leads to diagnostic delay and therefore a lower survival rate. Risk factors, which include drinking alcohol, smoking, HPV infection, a pro-inflammatory factor-rich diet, and poor oral hygiene, must be known and avoided by the general population. Regular clinical oral examinations should be enriched in an oral cancer search protocol for the most common symptoms, which are summarized in this review. Moreover, new diagnostic methods, some of which are already available (vital tissue staining, optical imaging, oral cytology, salivary biomarkers, artificial intelligence, colposcopy, and spectroscopy), and newly researched techniques increase the likelihood of stopping the pathological process at a precancerous stage. Well-established oral cancer treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy) are continuously being developed using novel technologies, increasing their success rate. Additionally, new techniques are being researched. This review presents a novel glance at oral cancer—its current classification and epidemiology—and will provide new insights into the development of new diagnostic methods and therapies.
口腔与唇癌是全球第16位最常见的癌症。众所周知，公众对癌前病变、口腔癌症状及危险因素认知不足，常导致诊断延误，从而降低患者生存率。饮酒、吸烟、HPV感染、富含促炎因子的饮食以及不良口腔卫生等危险因素必须被大众认知并避免。常规临床口腔检查应纳入针对最常见症状的口腔癌筛查方案，本综述对此进行了系统总结。此外，新型诊断方法（部分已投入临床应用，包括活体组织染色、光学成像、口腔细胞学、唾液生物标志物、人工智能、阴道镜检及光谱技术）及新兴研究技术，显著提高了在癌前阶段阻断病理进程的可能性。成熟的口腔癌治疗手段（手术、放疗、化疗及免疫治疗）正通过新技术持续发展，不断提升治疗成功率。与此同时，创新技术也在不断探索中。本综述以全新视角审视口腔癌——包括其现行分类与流行病学特征，并将为新型诊断方法和治疗策略的发展提供新的见解。
Epidemiology, Diagnostics, and Therapy of Oral Cancer—Update Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家