Enteroviruses, with their diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild or asymptomatic infections to severe diseases such as poliomyelitis and viral myocarditis, present a public health threat. However, they can also be used as oncolytic agents. This review shows the intricate relationship between enteroviruses and host cell factors. Enteroviruses utilize specific receptors and coreceptors for cell entry that are critical for infection and subsequent viral replication. These receptors, many of which are glycoproteins, facilitate virus binding, capsid destabilization, and internalization into cells, and their expression defines virus tropism towards various types of cells. Since enteroviruses can exploit different receptors, they have high oncolytic potential for personalized cancer therapy, as exemplified by the antitumor activity of certain enterovirus strains including the bioselected non-pathogenic Echovirus type 7/Rigvir, approved for melanoma treatment. Dissecting the roles of individual receptors in the entry of enteroviruses can provide valuable insights into their potential in cancer therapy. This review discusses the application of gene-targeting techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the impact of the loss of a particular receptor on the attachment of the virus and its subsequent internalization. It also summarizes the data on their expression in various types of cancer. By understanding how enteroviruses interact with specific cellular receptors, researchers can develop more effective regimens of treatment, offering hope for more targeted and efficient therapeutic strategies.
肠道病毒因其临床表现多样，从轻微或无症状感染到脊髓灰质炎和病毒性心肌炎等严重疾病，构成了公共卫生威胁。然而，它们也可被用作溶瘤制剂。本综述揭示了肠道病毒与宿主细胞因子之间复杂的相互作用关系。肠道病毒利用特定的受体和辅助受体进入细胞，这对病毒感染及后续的病毒复制至关重要。这些受体多为糖蛋白，能够促进病毒结合、衣壳去稳定化及细胞内化，其表达决定了病毒对不同类型细胞的趋向性。由于肠道病毒能够利用不同的受体，它们在个性化癌症治疗中展现出较高的溶瘤潜力，例如某些肠道病毒株（包括经生物筛选的无致病性埃可病毒7型/Rigvir，已获批用于黑色素瘤治疗）所表现出的抗肿瘤活性。剖析单个受体在肠道病毒进入过程中的作用，可为探索其在癌症治疗中的潜力提供重要见解。本综述讨论了CRISPR/Cas9等基因靶向技术的应用，以研究特定受体缺失对病毒附着及其后续内化的影响，并总结了这些受体在各类癌症中表达的数据。通过理解肠道病毒如何与特定细胞受体相互作用，研究人员可以开发更有效的治疗方案，为更具靶向性和高效性的治疗策略带来希望。
Receptors and Host Factors for Enterovirus Infection: Implications for Cancer Therapy
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家