Primarily, breast-conserving therapy is an oncological intervention, but eventually it is judged by its cosmetic result. Remaining cavities from tumor resection can promote seromas, delay healing and cause lasting discomfort. Additionally, volume loss, dislocation of nipple/areola and fat necrosis lead to (cosmetically) unfavorable results, aggravated by radiotherapy. Oncoplastic surgery can reduce these sequelae. A local flap that has rarely been used in breast cancer surgery is the Limberg rhombic flap. The tumor defect is planned as a rhombus. The sides of the rhombus are of equal length and ideally have an angle of 60° and 120°. The flap that closes the defect is planned as an extension of equal length of the short diagonal. The second incision of the flap is placed according to the defect angle of 60°, running parallel to the defect at the same length. This creates a second rhombus. The flap is transposed into the defect, and the donor area is primarily closed. It is axially perfused and safe with a 1:1 length-to-width ratio. Compared to local perforator flaps, defect closure is easily managed without microsurgical skills. In the breast, the flap can be used in volume replacement and volume displacement techniques as an all-layer flap to cover defects, or it can be deepithelialized and buried. In the axilla, it can cover full-thickness defects when skin is involved. The advantages of the rhombic flap are its safety and simplicity to add volume and close defects, thus reducing the complexity of oncoplastic surgery.
首先，保乳治疗本质上是一种肿瘤学干预手段，但其最终效果常通过美容结果来评判。肿瘤切除后残留的空腔可能促进血清肿形成、延迟愈合并导致持续不适。此外，体积缺损、乳头/乳晕移位及脂肪坏死会导致（美容上）不良结果，而放疗会加剧这些情况。肿瘤整形外科技术可减少此类后遗症。林伯格菱形皮瓣是一种在乳腺癌手术中较少应用的局部皮瓣技术。该技术将肿瘤缺损设计为菱形，其各边等长，理想角度为60°和120°。用于闭合缺损的皮瓣沿短对角线等长延伸设计，第二条切口根据60°缺损角定位，与缺损边平行且等长，由此形成第二个菱形。将皮瓣转移至缺损区后，供区可直接缝合。该皮瓣为轴型供血，长宽比1:1时安全性高。相较于局部穿支皮瓣，该技术无需显微外科技能即可实现缺损闭合。在乳房手术中，该皮瓣可作为全层皮瓣用于容积替代或容积移位技术以覆盖缺损，亦可去表皮埋置。在腋窝区域，当皮肤受累时可覆盖全层缺损。菱形皮瓣的优势在于其安全性高、操作简便，既能补充组织量又能闭合缺损，从而降低肿瘤整形手术的复杂性。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家