Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of cancer with an estimated 3.6 million cases diagnosed annually in the US alone. While most cases are treatable with low recurrence rates, 1–10% progress to an advanced stage which can behave aggressively, leading to local destruction and posing substantial challenges in management. The pathogenesis often involves dysregulation of the patched/hedgehog protein family, a pivotal pathway targeted by recently approved therapies. Furthermore, the role of immunotherapy is evolving in this type of tumor as we learn more about tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, there have been advancements in the therapeutic landscape of advanced BCC, offering patients new hope and options for managing this complex and potentially life-threatening condition. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of this disease, including the risk factors, underlying pathogenesis, current treatment options of advanced disease, and the ongoing exploration and development of novel therapies.
基底细胞癌是最常见的癌症类型，仅在美国每年就有约360万例确诊病例。虽然大多数病例可通过治疗控制且复发率较低，但仍有1%-10%会进展至晚期，表现出侵袭性生长特征，导致局部组织破坏，并为临床治疗带来重大挑战。其发病机制通常涉及patched/hedgehog蛋白家族信号通路的失调，该通路已成为近期获批靶向治疗的关键作用靶点。随着对肿瘤微环境动态机制的深入认识，免疫治疗在该类肿瘤中的作用也日益凸显。近年来晚期基底细胞癌的治疗领域取得显著进展，为患者管理这种复杂且可能危及生命的疾病提供了新的希望和治疗选择。本文旨在全面综述该疾病的风险因素、潜在发病机制、晚期疾病的现有治疗方案，以及新型疗法的持续探索与研发进展。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家