Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoid malignancy. The majority of patients are asymptomatic and HCL is usually diagnosed incidentally during a routine blood cell count. In symptomatic patients, typical symptoms are related to pancytopenia and splenomegaly. In this review, we present rare clinical symptoms in patients with HCL. Methods: A literature search was conducted of PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for articles concerning hairy cell leukemia, leukemia cutis, bone lesions, neurological manifestations, pulmonary symptoms, ocular manifestations, cardiac manifestation and rare symptoms. Publications from January 1980 to August 2024 were scrutinized. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles. Results: Extramedullary and extranodal manifestations of classic HCL are rare. However, leukemic involvement in the skin, bone, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ocular system and other organs have been reported.
背景：毛细胞白血病（HCL）是一种罕见的惰性B细胞淋巴样恶性肿瘤。多数患者无症状，通常是在常规血细胞计数检查中偶然发现。在有症状的患者中，典型症状与全血细胞减少和脾肿大相关。本综述旨在探讨HCL患者中罕见的临床表现。方法：通过检索PubMed、Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库中关于毛细胞白血病、皮肤白血病、骨病变、神经系统表现、肺部症状、眼部表现、心脏表现及罕见症状的文献，筛选1980年1月至2024年8月期间发表的相关研究，并通过查阅选定文章的参考文献补充获取其他相关文献。结果：经典HCL的髓外及结外表现较为罕见，但已有文献报道白血病可累及皮肤、骨骼、中枢神经系统、胃肠道、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺部、眼部系统及其他器官。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家