Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is often associated with a bad prognosis because of its asymptomatic phenotype until advanced stages, highlighting the need for its prevention and early detection. GC development is preceded by the emergence of gastric preneoplasia lesions (GPNLs), namely atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia (DYS). GC is currently diagnosed by endoscopy, which is invasive and costly and has limited effectiveness for the detection of GPNLs. Therefore, the discovery of non-invasive biomarkers in liquid biopsies, such as blood samples, in order to identify the presence of gastric preneoplasia and/or cancer lesions at asymptomatic stages is of paramount interest. This comprehensive review provides an overview of recently identified plasma/serum proteins and their diagnostic performance for the prediction of GPNLs and early cancer lesions. Autoantibodies appear to be promising biomarkers for AG, IM and early gastric cancer detection, along with inflammation and immunity-related proteins and antibodies againstH. pylorivirulence factors. There is a lack of specific protein biomarkers with which to detect DYS. Despite the need for further investigation and validation, some emerging candidates could pave the way for the development of reliable, non-invasive diagnostic tests for the detection and prevention of GC.
胃癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。由于其早期无明显症状，直至晚期才被发现，常伴随不良预后，这凸显了预防和早期检测的重要性。胃癌发生前会出现胃部癌前病变，即萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生和异型增生。目前胃癌主要通过内窥镜诊断，但该方法具有侵入性、成本高，且在检测癌前病变方面效果有限。因此，在液体活检（如血液样本）中发现非侵入性生物标志物，以在无症状阶段识别胃部癌前病变和/或癌变，具有极其重要的意义。本综述概述了近期发现的血浆/血清蛋白及其在预测胃部癌前病变和早期癌变中的诊断性能。自身抗体，以及炎症和免疫相关蛋白、针对幽门螺杆菌毒力因子的抗体，显示出作为检测萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生和早期胃癌生物标志物的潜力。目前尚缺乏用于检测异型增生的特异性蛋白生物标志物。尽管需要进一步研究和验证，一些新兴候选标志物可能为开发可靠、非侵入性的诊断方法以检测和预防胃癌铺平道路。
Protein Biomarkers of Gastric Preneoplasia and Cancer Lesions in Blood: A Comprehensive Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家