Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Although the oral cavity is an easily accessible area for visual examination, the OSCC is more often detected at an advanced stage. The global prevalence of OSCC is around 6%, with increasing trends posing a significant health problem due to the increase in morbidity and mortality. The oral cavity microbiome has been the target of numerous studies, with findings highlighting the significant role of dysbiosis in developing OSCC. Dysbiosis can significantly increase pathobionts (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that trigger inflammation through their virulence and pathogenicity factors. In contrast, chronic bacterial inflammation contributes to the development of OSCC. Pathobionts also have other effects, such as the impact on the immune system, which can alter immune responses and contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment. Poor oral hygiene and carbohydrate-rich foods can also increase the risk of developing oral cancer. The risk factors and mechanisms of OSCC development are not yet fully understood and remain a frequent research topic. For this reason, this narrative review concentrates on the issue of dysbiosis as the potential cause of OSCC, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤。尽管口腔是易于进行视觉检查的区域，但OSCC往往在晚期才被发现。全球OSCC患病率约为6%，其发病率和死亡率的上升趋势构成了重大健康问题。口腔微生物群已成为众多研究的目标，研究结果凸显了菌群失调在OSCC发生发展中的重要作用。菌群失调会显著增加致病共生菌（细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫）的数量，这些微生物通过其毒力和致病因子引发炎症反应。相反，慢性细菌性炎症会促进OSCC的发展。致病共生菌还具有其他影响，例如对免疫系统的作用，可能改变免疫反应并促发促炎环境。不良的口腔卫生习惯和高碳水化合物饮食也会增加口腔癌的发病风险。目前对OSCC发生的风险因素和机制尚未完全阐明，这仍是常见的研究课题。因此，本叙述性综述重点关注菌群失调作为OSCC潜在诱因的问题，以及其中涉及的潜在机制。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家